Synergistic Effect of Organic Vermiculite on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Stability of Intumescent Polypropylene Composites

Chen, Shaohua; Wang, Bin; Kang, Jian; Chen, Jinyao; Gai, Jing‐Gang; Yang, Lin; Cao, Ya

doi:10.1080/00222348.2012.760392

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…By increasing the filler loading, more bulky foam was obtained and the amount of residual char increased parallel with the TGA results. As reported in the literature, 22,28,67,71–77 incorporation of VMT led to increase in the flame spread resistance and some important reasons were underlined as follows. As known, VMT is a natural mineral that mostly composed of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Composites can be evaluated as intercalated or exfoliated composites and these composites can be fabricated by various methods including melt mixing, in situ polymerization, solution casting, or a combination of solution casting and compression molding. In the literature, various types of thermoplastics including polypropylene, 18–22 polyethylene, 23–25 poly(l-lactic acid), 26 polylactide, 27 polyamide, 28 polyimide, 29 polyethylene terephthalate, 30 poly(4-vinyl pyridine), 31 polyvinyl alcohol, 32 poly(p-dioxanone) 33 or their blends 34 were used. Epoxy, 35,36 phenol formaldehyde 37 were the most common thermosets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expanded vermiculite-filled flexible polymer composites

Cetin

Toprakçi

Taşkın

et al. 2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of vermiculite-filled flexible polymer composites. Exfoliated vermiculite was incorporated into triblock thermoplastic elastomer copolymer, styrene- b-(ethylene- co-butylene)- b-styrene (SEBS), at various levels from 1 to 15 wt% by a high shear mixer. The composite films were obtained by the combination of solvent casting and compression molding. The morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties and contact angle of the composites were determined. Some micro-morphological differences were observed between the samples and the difference was assumed to be caused by high shear mixing and filler concentration. High shear mixing was found effective in terms of the detachment of vermiculite layers at all concentrations. However, at low filler loading, that behavior was more obvious. At 1 wt% filler concentration, mechanical properties increased that was probably caused by good filler-matrix interaction stemmed from smaller particle size. At higher vermiculite concentrations, fillers found to show agglomerations that led to a decrease in mechanical strength and strain at break. Elastic and secant modulus showed an increasing trend. Contact angle measurements were carried out to determine the oleophilic character of the samples. An increase in the vermiculite content resulted in higher oleophilic character and the lowest contact angle was obtained at 15 wt% VMT loading. In addition to these, thermal stability, thermal dimensional stability and flame retardancy were improved by the incorporation of VMT. 15 wt% vermiculite-filled sample showed the best performance in terms of thermal stability and flame retardancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded vermiculite-filled flexible polymer composites

Cetin

Toprakçi

Taşkın

et al. 2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…An interesting property of vermiculite is its exfoliation at higher temperatures, due to the loss of water in its interlayers [ 38 ]. Vermiculite is known for its flame-retardant properties [ 39 ] and that is why can be applied in various polymers, including polypropylene [ 40 , 41 ] or polyurethanes [ 36 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vermiculite Filler Modified with Casein, Chitosan, and Potato Protein as a Flame Retardant for Polyurethane Foams

Miedzińska

Członka

Strąkowska

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In this study, polyurethane (PU) composite foams were modified with 2 wt.% of vermiculite fillers, which were themselves modified with casein, chitosan, and potato protein. The impact of the fillers on selected properties of the obtained composites, including their rheological (foaming behavior, dynamic viscosity), thermal (temperature of thermal decomposition stages), flame-retardant (e.g., limiting oxygen index, ignition time, heat peak release), and mechanical properties (toughness, compressive strength (parallel and perpendicular), flexural strength) were investigated. Among all the modified polyurethane composites, the greatest improvement was noticed in the PU foams filled with vermiculite modified with casein and chitosan. For example, after the addition of modified vermiculite fillers, the foams’ compressive strength was enhanced by ~6–18%, their flexural strength by ~2–10%, and their toughness by ~1–5%. Most importantly, the polyurethane composites filled with vermiculite filler and modified vermiculite fillers exhibited improved flame resistance characteristics (the value of total smoke release was reduced by ~34%, the value of peak heat release was reduced by ~25%).

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“…Takahashi et al [20] used VMT to enhance the gas barrier properties of butyl rubber coatings. Due to its heat-resistant characteristics, VMT has been applied in flame-resistant polypropylene composites [21,22]. When incorporated into polyurethanes, VMT simultaneously improves its tensile and flexural strength [23].Another interesting inorganic compound is perlite (PT).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Ethylene–propylene Composites Filled with Perlite and Vermiculite Minerals: Mechanical, Barrier, and Flammability Properties

et al. 2020

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Perlite and vermiculite are naturally occurring minerals, commonly used by industry to obtain highly thermoisolative and/or non-flammable materials. However, there has been little research into the preparation and application of rubber compounds containing these inexpensive mineral fillers. Here, we show the benefits of perlite and vermiculite minerals as fillers for ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) composites. To obtain more uniform dispersion and improved compatibility between the minerals and the elastomer matrix, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (AMIMTFSI) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI) imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were added. The mineral fillers were found to be attractive semi-reinforcing fillers, which also act as flame retardants in the elastomer composites. Furthermore, a higher content of vermiculite mineral significantly reduced the air permeability of the composites. The incorporation of ionic liquids into the EPM-filled systems had a considerable effect on the torque increment, crosslink density, and more importantly the flammability of the studied compounds. The application of 2.5 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) BMIMTFSI, in particular, reduced the flammability of the EPM composite, as the maximum heat release rate (HRRmax) decreased from 189.7 kW/m2 to 170.2 kW/m2.

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Synergistic Effect of Organic Vermiculite on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Stability of Intumescent Polypropylene Composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Expanded vermiculite-filled flexible polymer composites

Expanded vermiculite-filled flexible polymer composites

Vermiculite Filler Modified with Casein, Chitosan, and Potato Protein as a Flame Retardant for Polyurethane Foams

Characterization of Ethylene–propylene Composites Filled with Perlite and Vermiculite Minerals: Mechanical, Barrier, and Flammability Properties

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