Synergistic effect of phytohormones on pigment and fine structure of chloroplasts in flag leaf of wheat plants irrigated by seawater

Abstract

Plant hormones play vital roles in the ability of plants to acclimatize to varying environments by mediating growth, development and nutrient allocation. The present investigation was undertaken to have some information about interactive effects of seawater salinity and some plant growth regulators (gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid or abscisic acid) on leaf area, pigment and chloroplast ultrastructure as well as saccharides and protein content of wheat flag leaf. In the majority of cases, seawater at 10 or 25% increased pigment content, particularly carotenoids. On the other hand seawater reduced leaf lamina area, Hill activity and sucrose as well as polysaccharides and protein. The interactive effect of seawater and growth regulators accelerated the production of Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids by increasing the values of these pigment. Furthermore, grain pretreatment with gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid or abscisic acid induced marked increase in leaf lamina area, Hill activity and sucrose as well as polysaccharides and protein. Irrigation of wheat plants by seawater at 10 or 25% caused dramatic changes in chloroplast ultrastructure of flag leaf. These changes include disorganized membrane system, disruption of bounding membrane, reduction in the size and number of starch grains and an increase in plastoglobuli. The presoaking of

Induced polyploidy deeply influences reproductive life cycles, related phytochemical features, and phytohormonal activities in blackberry species

“…Since these were important factors in fertilization, they may have contributed to an increase in yield. These findings are in agreement with those described by Aldesuquy (2015), in which the pretreatment of wheat grain with GA 3 , IAA, or ABA induced a marked increase in leaf pigment and sucrose content, as well as increases in polysaccharides and protein content in the leaves.…”

Maize Grain Extract Enriched with Polyamines Alleviates Drought Stress in Triticum aestivum through Up-Regulation of the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle, Glyoxalase System, and Polyamine Gene Expression

“…In addition, MGE PA can increase carotenoids synthesis that can protect the photosynthesis system from the overproduction of ROS by up-regulating pigment-synthesizing enzyme activities associated with reducing the degradation of enzymes [25,26,75]. This result is consistent with Aldesuquy [76], who reported a positive synergistic impact of plant hormones on pigment and fine chloroplast structure in the flag leaf of stressed wheat plant.…”

Potential of exogenously sourced kinetin in protecting Solanum lycopersicum from NaCl-induced oxidative stress through up-regulation of the antioxidant system, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system

“…Application of phytohormones has been observed to assuage the damaging effects of NaCl on the photosynthetic efficiency significantly [ 59 ], and thus future research in this direction can be worthwhile. It has been opined that phytohormones can improve the synthesis of proteins and polysaccharides involved in photosynthetic regulation [ 60 ]. However, in the present study, KN-mediated synthesis of redox components may have contributed to photoprotection.…”