Synergistic Effect of Polyethylene Glycol and Lactic Acid on Handling Properties and Antibacterial Efficacy of Premixed Calcium Silicate Cement

Abstract

Calcium silicate (CaSi) bone cement with antibacterial and osteogenic properties has attracted significant interest. However, there is a need to develop a variety of new premixed bone cement to meet the clinical requirements of fast setting time, ease of handling, and efficient antibacterial properties. In this study, different volume ratios of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactic acid liquids were added to calcium silicate, and the effects of varying liquid-to-powder ratios (L/P) were examined. This study assessed the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli of this premixed cement. The results from the experiments indicated that lactic acid significantly reduced the setting time of the CaSi-based cement and enhanced its mechanical strength. Furthermore, the appropriate concentration of lactic acid and matching L/P ratio improved its washout resistance. The cell viability of all premixed cement was found to be over 80%. The premixed cement containing PEG and lactic acid exhibited superior antibacterial properties compared to the CaSi control. Based on its setting time, washout resistance, and antibacterial activity, a premixed cement with a liquid phase of 80% PEG and 20% lactic acid at an L/P ratio of 0.4 appeared promising for use in dental and orthopedic practice.