Synergistic effect of zeolite in an intumescence process: study of the carbonaceous structures using solid-state NMR

Bourbigot, Serge; Bras, Michel Le; Delobel, René; Decressain, R.; Amoureux, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1039/ft9969200149

Cited by 173 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The silane coupling agents were: 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol (MS) having molecular formula of C 6 H 16 O 3 SSi, supplied by Merck Co., and (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (AS) having molecular formula of C 9 H 23 NO 3 Si, supplied by Fluka Co., MAPP, supplied by Clariant, were used for improving the surface of polypropylene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silane coupling agents have a general formula of YSi(OR) 3 , where R and Y stand for a hydrolysable group (methyl or ethyl) and a non-hydrolysable organofunctional group (amino, methacrylate, mercapto or vinyl groups), capable of interaction with fillers and polymers, respectively. Surface treatment of fillers with silane coupling agents was carried out through hydrolysis and condensation reactions as follows:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surface modification of fillers and polymer on flammability and tensile behaviour of polypropylene-composites

Demir

Balköse

Ülkü

2006

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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An intumescent system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid source and blowing agent, pentaerythritol (PER) as a carbonific agent and natural zeolite (clinoptilolite, Go¨rdes II) as a synergistic agent was used in this study to enhance flame retardancy of polypropylene (FR-PP). Zeolite was incorporated into flame retardant formulation at four different concentrations (1, 2, 5, and 10 wt%) to investigate synergism with the flame retardant materials. Filler content was fixed at 30 wt% of total amounts of flame retardant PP composites. Zeolite and APP were treated with two different coupling agents namely, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol and (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane for investigation of the influence of surface treatments on mechanical properties and flame retardant performance of composites. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used for making polypropylene hydrophilic. Flammability of FR-PP composites was measured by the determination of limiting oxygen index (LOI). The LOI values reached to a maximum value of 41% for mercapto silane treated APP:PER (2:1) PP composite containing 5 wt% zeolite. The tensile strength of composites was increased by the addition of MAPP and elongation at break of composites was increased with silane treatments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of surface modification of fillers and polymer on flammability and tensile behaviour of polypropylene-composites

Demir

Balköse

Ülkü

2006

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…That is to say, the size of carbonaceous microstructures from the PP/IFR/SP 1% composite could be smaller than from the PP/IFR composite. Bourbigot et al [43] believed that the higher protective shield efficiency was related to the smaller size of carbonaceous microstructures. Therefore, it is proposed that sepiolite or its pyrolytic products repress the increase of the carbonaceous micro-domain in size during burning, which leads to formation of more compact charred layers.…”

Section: Microstructure Characterization Of Carbonaceous Charred Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of sepiolite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Huang¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this paper, the effects of sepiolite as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP/IFR) were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the IFR system mainly consisted of the ammonium polyphosphate modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent, melamine and dipentaerythritol. The results from the LOI and UL 94 tests show that sepiolite added to the PP/IFR system has a synergistic flame retardant effects with the IFR system. The TGA results reveal that sepiolite enhances the thermal stability of the PP/IFR composite and increases the char residue formation. The cone calorimeter results indicate that the heat release rate, mass loss rate, total heat release and average specific extinction area of the PP/IFR/sepiolite composite decrease in comparison with the PP/IFR composite. The LRS measurements provide useful information on the carbonaceous microstructures. The morphological structures observed by SEM have demonstrated that sepiolite promote the formation of the reinforced and homogeneous char barrier on the surface of the composites. Simultaneously, the Young's modulus and flexural modulus of the PP/IFR composites are also much better improved with the increase of sepiolite added.

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“…When EG is subjected to a heat source, it expands to hundreds of times of its initial volume and creates voluminous, stable carbonaceous layer on the surface of the materials. This layer limits the heat transfer from the heat source to the substrate and the mass transfer from the substrate to the heat source resulting in protection of the underlying material [5,6]. The redox process [7] between Sulfuric acid and graphite generates the blowing gases according to the reaction:…”

Section: Expandable Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%