Synergistic effects between iron-graphene and ammonium polyphosphate in flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane

Chen, Xilei; Ma, Cuiyong; Jiao, Chuanmei

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-5494-7

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In order to increase above-mentioned parameters of polyurethanes, different strategies can be applied. Thermal stability and flame retardancy of PU composites can be improved by incorporation of specific comonomers into the polymer backbone or by blending with fillers of different nature (silsesquioxanes, borax, graphite, carbon fillers, silicates, metals, graphene, phosphates, and many others) [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane composites based on silsesquioxane derivatives of different structures

Szołyga

Dutkiewicz

Marciniec

2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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A series of siloxane-silsesquioxane resins with Q 8 structures, as network nodes containing reactive Si-H groups in the siloxane backbone, connecting silsesquioxane moieties, were prepared in a hydrolytic condensation process and successfully functionalized by hydrosilylation of allyl alcohol. The proposed material being an alternative to the well-defined silsesquioxanes has been characterized and used for preparation of a series of polyurethane (PU)-based composites by simple reaction of 3-hydroxypropyl groups of siloxane-silsesquioxane resin with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and subsequently with 1,6-hexanediol to get polyurethane composite. A series of composites based on PU and octakis(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane were prepared in the same manner to investigate the influence of the filler amount (1, 3 or 5%) and its structure on thermal properties of the obtained materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane composites based on silsesquioxane derivatives of different structures

Szołyga

Dutkiewicz

Marciniec

2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…It could be seen that there were new diffraction peaks appearing at about 10, 13 and 23° for APP@ETA, indicating the existence of amorphous structure in APP@ETA, whereas no peak was found in APP. The results implied that using ETA to chemically modify APP could affect the crystalline structure of APP . And, the new diffraction peaks should be attributed to the APP@ETA formed .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(a), peaks in the regions around 636–700 cm −1 , around 2300–2500 cm −1 , around 1610–1674 cm −1 , around 3000–4000 cm −1 , around 920–984 cm −1 and around 650–700 cm −1 were noted. The spectra fit well to the reported FTIR features of gas products such as H 2 O (3400–4000 cm −1 ) and CO 2 (2300–2400 cm −1 ) . The frequency ranges of CO 2 absorption peaks were 636–700 cm −1 and 2300–2500 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has great chemical characteristics such as it has good chemical stability, it has low smoke and toxicity, it does not produce volatile and corrosive gas in the application process and it widely used in preparing materials due to its high contents of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), both of which can promote the smoke suppression and flame-retardant properties. [11,[14][15][16][17] However, there are some shortcomings for APP in the flame-retardant application. For example, APP can only be used as a source of acid, lacking of carbon source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and properties of an efficient smoke suppressant and flame‐retardant agent for thermoplastic polyurethane

Jiao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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APP@ETA, as a new type of flame retardant, was prepared by chemically modifying ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with ethanolamine (ETA) and applied to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in this study. Then, the smoke suppression properties and flame‐retardant effects of APP@ETA in TPU composites were evaluated using smoke density test, cone calorimeter test, etc. And, the thermal degradation properties of flame‐retardant TPU composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry. The smoke density test results indicated that APP@ETA could obviously improve the luminous flux of TPU composites in the test with or without flame. The cone calorimeter test results showed that total smoke release, smoke production rate and smoke factor of the composites with APP@ETA were significantly decreased than those of the composites with APP. For example, when the loading of APP@ETA or APP was 12.5 wt%, the total smoke release of the sample with APP@ETA decreased to 3.5 m2/m2 from 6.0 m2/m2, which was much lower than that of the sample with APP, reduced by 41.7%. The thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that APP@ETA could decrease the initial decomposition temperature and improve the thermal stability at high temperature for TPU composites. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Currently, Chen et al discussed about the synergistic effect of iron‐graphene and ammonium polyphosphate in TPU. Composite was prepared by solution‐blended master batch of TPU with iron‐graphene, finally melt blending of ammonium polyphosphate.…”

Section: A Focus On Ehsms For Srmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective

George

Panda

Mohanty

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Catastrophic breakdown that occurs during the flight of supersonic vehicles demands more focused research in the insulation of rocket engines. At present, optimization of polymeric ablatives as viable insulation for solid rocket motor casing has a prominent role in the successful mission of rockets. Among polymers, elastomer serves an imperative part. Comprehensive investigations were disclosed, especially in the elastomeric heat shielding materials with various reinforcing agents. In this paper, research progress of mostly used elastomers is reviewed, and a circumstantial understanding about the features of ablation and insulation has been validated. 2-4 Therefore, to protect the vehicle from miserable failure of spacecraft, some design features are added to cope with the aerodynamic heating. 5Thermal protection system (TPS) materials impart heat shield to protect the structure, aerodynamic surface and the payload of missiles, and those vehicles interacting with the hypersonic environment. 6,7 Polymeric ablative materials serve to effect as TPS that defends space vehicles and probes during the atmospheric entry; they are effective to produce passively cooled rocket combustion chambers 8 and to render insulation to the solid rocket motors (SRMs) at high temperature. [9][10][11] Although some nonpolymeric materials such as inorganic polymers/ceramics or metals have been used as ablative TPS, polymeric ablatives represent the most flexible category of ablatives. In contrast to the inorganic polymers, polymer ablatives have more inborn benefits: high-heat shock resistance, lower density, good mechanical strength, and thermal insulation capabilities. 12The broad range of heat shielding materials (HSMs) for rocket motor casing is produced from reinforced thermosets or elastomers. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The most assuring material for the HSM for rocket motors is the elastomers, which can be produced as rubbers, foamed rubbers, or fiber-reinforced composite materials. On the grounds of lightweight, low thermal conductivity, stability in the mechanical and thermal stresses during the operation, elastomeric HSMs (EHSMs) can find relevance in the insulation of SRM casing where thermal insulation is a prime necessity. They do not possess the ability to form cokes without the introduction of special additives due to the linear chain structure of elastomers, thus no solid carbonic residue on thermal decomposition.Also, elastomers have high elongation at break and the capacity to withstand the mechanical and the thermal stresses during the manufacturing and in use. 20This review puts the elastomeric materials as ablative insulators for SRM into frame and would confer the readers the progress that has been attained in developing relatively low surface eroding and ablative insulating systems for SRM. These systems can be used to manufacture variety of ablative TPS systems for rocket motor casing application and would provide an idea regarding the composite system that would behave elastomeric as well as ablative. Scrutini...

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Synergistic effects between iron-graphene and ammonium polyphosphate in flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane

Cited by 59 publications

References 46 publications

Polyurethane composites based on silsesquioxane derivatives of different structures

Polyurethane composites based on silsesquioxane derivatives of different structures

Preparation and properties of an efficient smoke suppressant and flame‐retardant agent for thermoplastic polyurethane

Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective

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