Synergistic effects of light and temperature on anthocyanin biosynthesis in callus cultures of red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana)

Abstract

We established a red callus from the leaves of a red-fleshed apple individual, which was a hybrid offspring of the cross between Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana and Malus domestica cv. 'Fuji'. We analyzed callus growth and anthocyanin biosynthesis/metabolism under different combinations of temperature and light conditions. Incubation in darkness resulted in decreased anthocyanin accumulation, while it promoted callus growth. Exposure to light and low temperature (16°C) induced the expression of MYB10 and bHLH3/33, which are responsible for coordinating the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, as well as the expression of other structural genes. Treatments with light and high temperature (32°C) induced MYB16 expression, which repressed anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, low temperature (16°C) inhibited the expression of MYB111. We analyzed the expression patterns of MYB and bHLH transcription factor genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our data suggest that light-induced regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is primarily caused by altered MYB10 transcript levels, while temperature-induced regulation is the result of changes to the expression of bHLH3/33, MYB16, MYB17, MYB111, and other repressors. In conclusion, we investigated the reciprocal effects of light and temperature on anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-fleshed apple calli. Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for breeding redfleshed apple varieties with high anthocyanin contents.

Production of Anthocyanins in Callus Cultures of Angelica archangelica

“…Similar to the growth, anthocyanin accumulation in angelica callus cultures achieved a maximum at day 30. This finding is in agreement with observations in Malus sieversii [12,16] and Panax sikkimensis [11] callus cultures in which highest anthocyanin as well as biomass values were obtained at the same time, at 3 and 8 weeks, respectively. On the other hand, in comparison with the growth, anthocyanin levels reached a maximum one week sooner (at 3 weeks) in callus cultures of Daucus carota [15] and Aralia cordata [10], but one and two weeks (at week 4 and 6) later in those of Fragaria ananassa [8] and Glehnia littoralis [14], respectively.…”

“…The most suitable media for angelica callus cultures Anthocyanins in callus culture of Angelica archangelica Natural Product Communications Vol. 13 (12) 2018 1647 are MS and LS, which positively promote both culture growth and anthocyanin production.…”

Response of Plant Secondary Metabolites to Environmental Factors

“…Despite this review focused on the adaptability of secondary plant products in response to each individual environmental factor, the actual synthesis and accumulation of various SMs were frequently induced and/or modulated by a number of environmental factors simultaneously [ 41 , 49 , 71 , 136 , 137 , 138 ]. In other words, an individual factor can generally interact with other factors (e.g., a high irradiation is frequently accompanied with elevated temperature and water deficiency) Thus, we must further investigate and understand a synergistic effects of multiple environmental factors on plant secondary metabolism.…”

Effect of temperature on morphology, ginsenosides biosynthesis, functional genes, and transcriptional factors expression in Panax ginseng adventitious roots

“…Temperature is the most important environmental factor in plant growth and development process, and plants in turn will have some morphological or color changes in response to different temperature environment. The callus cultures of red‐fleshed apple, could fade the redness of calli with the rise of temperature (Wang et al, ). This experiment indicated although temperature changes didn’t affect the color of ginseng, but they influenced their ability of growth and differentiating.…”