Synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

Wang, Na; Li, Lingtong; Xu, Yang; Zhang, Kun; Chen, Xiaolang; Wu, Hong

doi:10.1177/0967391119869552

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Besides the condensed phase, CNTs also work on the gas phase, as shown in Figure . When the composite material was heated, CNTs could quickly act on the active free radicals required for the branching reaction and generate inert gases such as CO 2 and H 2 O, which can dilute the combustible gas to a certain extent, as well as absorb radiant heat and reduce the surface temperature of PMMA, thereby slowing down the violent combustion of the material. , At the same time, CNTs can form a dense and stable interconnected network structure (i.e., carbon layer) − on the surface, which can effectively inhibit the combustion of polymer cracked products and prevent the transfer of heat, combustible gas, etc., and finally combustion of the composite material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Study on the Flame-Retardant Properties of CNTs/PMMA Microspheres

Jiang

Jia

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites with excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy were prepared by in situ polymerization. The morphology, structure, transmittance, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the materials were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, etc. According to the results, the initial decomposition temperature of CNTs/PMMA prepared using carbon nanotubes with a concentration of 2 mg/mL increases from 175 to 187 °C when compared with pure PMMA, and the weight loss ratio decreases significantly at the same time. In addition, the maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of CNTs/PMMA composites is 22.17, which is 26.9% higher than that of PMMA. SEM images of residues after LOI tests demonstrate that when CNTs/PMMA is heated, a dense and stable interconnected network structure (i.e., carbon layer) is formed, which can effectively inhibit the combustion of pyrolysis products, prevent the transfer of heat and combustible gas, and finally interrupt the combustion of composite materials. However, a 25% decrease in the transmittance of CNTs/PMMA composites is observed in the Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra. Although the addition of CNTs reduces the transparency of PMMA, its tensile and impact strength are all improved, which illustrates that CNT is a competitive flame retardant for PMMA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Study on the Flame-Retardant Properties of CNTs/PMMA Microspheres

Jiang

Jia

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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“…To solve this issue, RP should be treated before use. An effective method is to encapsulate the RP by using the so-called microencapsulation technology [ 33 , 34 ]. Microcapsule technology is to cover the surface of the FRs with a coating of organic or inorganic materials [ 35 ].…”

Section: Inorganic Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyolefin Cable Sheath Materials

Liu

et al. 2022

Polymers

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With the continuous advancements of urbanization, the demand for power cables is increasing to replace overhead lines for energy transmission and distribution. Due to undesirable scenarios, e.g., the short circuit or poor contact, the cables can cause fire. The cable sheath has a significant effect on fire expansion. Thus, it is of great significance to carry out research on flame-retardant modification for cable sheath material to prevent fire accidents. With the continuous environmental concern, polyolefin (PO) is expected to gradually replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for cable sheath material. Moreover, the halogen-free flame retardants (FRs), which are the focus of this paper, will replace the ones with halogen gradually. The halogen-free FRs used in PO cable sheath material can be divided into inorganic flame retardant, organic flame retardant, and intumescent flame retardant (IFR). However, most FRs will cause severe damage to the mechanical properties of the PO cable sheath material, mainly reflected in the elongation at break and tensile strength. Therefore, the cooperative modification of PO materials for flame retardancy and mechanical properties has become a research hotspot. For this review, about 240 works from the literature related to FRs used in PO materials were investigated. It is shown that the simultaneous improvement for flame retardancy and mechanical properties mainly focuses on surface treatment technology, nanotechnology, and the cooperative effect of multiple FRs. The principle is mainly to improve the compatibility of FRs with PO polymers and/or increase the efficiency of FRs.

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“…There are three types of additive flame retardants commonly used in TPU. First, inorganic traditional added flame retardants, such as aluminum hypophosphite, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminum diethylphosphinate, melamine cyanurate and its derivatives, melamine polyphosphate, metal hydroxide, and expandable graphite. − However, these flame retardants generally have many problems, such as large addition amounts, low flame retardant efficiency, and influence on the mechanical properties of materials. Second, the new modified nano-additive flame retardants, such as MXene, Si 3 N 4 nanosheets, COF, MOF, black phosphorus, graphene, boron nitride nanosheets, montmorillonite nanosheets, and carbon nanotubes. ,− Compared with inorganic conventional additive flame retardants, modified nano-additive flame retardants with a small additional amount are found to have a lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) and better smoke suppression in cone calorimetric tests with low impact on the mechanical properties of TPU composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a Novel Phosphoramide Flame Retardant on the Fire Behavior and Transparency of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers

Chen

Kong

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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In many application fields of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), excellent flame retardancy and transparency are required. However, higher flame retardancy is often at the expense of transparency. It is difficult to achieve high flame retardancy while maintaining the transparency of TPU. In this work, a kind of TPU composite with good flame retardancy and light transmittance was obtained by adding a new synthetic flame retardant named DCPCD, which was synthesized by the reaction of diethylenetriamine and diphenyl phosphorochloridate. Experimental results showed that 6.0 wt % DCPCD endowed TPU with a limiting oxygen index value of 27.3%, passing the UL 94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the TPU composite was dramatically reduced from 1292 kW/m 2 (pure TPU) to 514 kW/m 2 by adding only 1 wt % DCPCD. With the increase of DCPCD contents, the PHRR and total heat release gradually decreased, and the char residue gradually increased. More importantly, the addition of DCPCD has little effect on the transparency and haze of TPU composites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out to investigate the morphology and composition of the char residue for TPU/DCPCD composites and explore the flame retardant mechanism of DCPCD in TPU.

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Synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Preparation and Study on the Flame-Retardant Properties of CNTs/PMMA Microspheres

Preparation and Study on the Flame-Retardant Properties of CNTs/PMMA Microspheres

Recent Advances in Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyolefin Cable Sheath Materials

Impact of a Novel Phosphoramide Flame Retardant on the Fire Behavior and Transparency of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers

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