Synergistic effects of resilience and serum ghrelin levels on the 12-week pharmacotherapeutic response in patients with depressive disorders

Choi, Wonsuk; Kim, Ju‐Wan; Kang, Hee-Ju; Kim, Hee Kyung; Kang, Ho‐Cheol; Lee, Ju‐Yeon; Kim, Sung‐Wan; Stewart, Robert; Kim, Jae-Min

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.039

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The findings that baseline protective/resilience factors were important are also in line with much previous research (Buckman et al, 2021c;Laird, Lavretsky, St Cyr, & Siddarth, 2018). The fact that some of these associations were nonmonotonic is consistent with naturalistic evidence that moderate, compared to extremely low or high, levels of emotional reactivity to stress predict low future depression severity (Santee & Starr, 2021) and that baseline self-reported resilience is sometimes significant in predicting depression treatment response only in interaction with other predictors (Choi et al, 2021;Min, Lee, Lee, Lee, & Chae, 2012). These specifications might reflect the greater importance of protective/resilience factors in the subset of patients whose depressive episodes are triggered by stressful life experiences, which could be the subject of future investigation (Chromik, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development of a model to predict antidepressant treatment response for depression among Veterans

et al. 2022

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Background Only a limited number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond to a first course of antidepressant medication (ADM). We investigated the feasibility of creating a baseline model to determine which of these would be among patients beginning ADM treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Methods A 2018–2020 national sample of n = 660 VHA patients receiving ADM treatment for MDD completed an extensive baseline self-report assessment near the beginning of treatment and a 3-month self-report follow-up assessment. Using baseline self-report data along with administrative and geospatial data, an ensemble machine learning method was used to develop a model for 3-month treatment response defined by the Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology Self-Report and a modified Sheehan Disability Scale. The model was developed in a 70% training sample and tested in the remaining 30% test sample. Results In total, 35.7% of patients responded to treatment. The prediction model had an area under the ROC curve (s.e.) of 0.66 (0.04) in the test sample. A strong gradient in probability (s.e.) of treatment response was found across three subsamples of the test sample using training sample thresholds for high [45.6% (5.5)], intermediate [34.5% (7.6)], and low [11.1% (4.9)] probabilities of response. Baseline symptom severity, comorbidity, treatment characteristics (expectations, history, and aspects of current treatment), and protective/resilience factors were the most important predictors. Conclusions Although these results are promising, parallel models to predict response to alternative treatments based on data collected before initiating treatment would be needed for such models to help guide treatment selection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development of a model to predict antidepressant treatment response for depression among Veterans

et al. 2022

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“…Taking together this data from two recent studies with large sample sizes and similar designs strongly suggests that there seems to be no baseline, cross-sectional association between ghrelin serum levels and depressive symptomatology. This conjecture is further corroborated by another very recent study, which found no association between ghrelin serum levels and depressive symptoms at baseline in a sample of depressive patients ( 61 ). However, in this study, high ghrelin levels at baseline were predictive of a better response to anti-depressant therapy at 12 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Association Between Self-rating Depression Scores and Total Ghrelin and Adipokine Serum Levels in a Large Population-Based Sample

et al. 2022

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BackgroundGhrelin and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin have been suggested to be involved in mood and anxiety regulation and to be altered in affective disorders. However, studies investigating the association between ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin and depressive symptomatology are scarce but might contribute to a better understanding of their involvement in mood regulation. We thus aimed investigating the association between depressive symptomatology and total ghrelin as well as leptin and adiponectin serum levels in a large population-based sample.MethodsTotal serum ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin levels were determined in 1666 subjects of a population-based cross-sectional study (“LIFE”). The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms – Self Rating (IDS-SR) were administered. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between total serum ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin and the intensity of depressive symptoms.ResultsIn the total sample (n = 1,092), neither ghrelin nor leptin or adiponectin serum levels showed a significant association with CES-D or IDS-SR sum scores (N = 1,092) or in depressed/non-depressed subjects. Leptin serum levels showed a significantly positive association with IDS-SR sum scores in elderly men (≥60 years; β = 0.122, 95% CI: 0.009; 0.236; p = 0.035).ConclusionOur study suggests that peripheral levels of ghrelin and adipokines in a cross-sectional study design might not be sufficient to measure their involvement in depression, suggesting that associations are more complex and multi-layered.

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“…While recent reports claim decreased ghrelin levels in depressed patients, others show no distinction in ghrelin levels among depression patients and healthy individuals. However, several investigations discovered elevated serum ghrelin levels in people with significant depression [8,9]. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the development of ghrelin in the blood and the degree of major depressive disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ghrelin peptide among a sample of Egyptian patients with first episode of major depressive disorder

Okasha

El-Gabry

Ali

et al. 2022

Middle East Curr Psychiatry

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Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prominent psychiatric disorder that significantly reduces living quality and increases the risk of suicide. Ghrelin influences the central nervous system (CNS) and impacts reward, inspiration, and signaling pathways in addition to acting as an appetite signal. This case-controlled comparative study focused on the association between serum ghrelin levels and MDD. The study was done during September 2021 and March 2022 on 25 people with MDD and 25 healthy controls. SCID-1 and the Ham-D 17 scales were used to evaluate the cases. The GHQ scale was used to evaluate the controls. The serum ghrelin levels of all samples were determined. The findings were presented, and statistically analyzed to perform an accurate assessment. Results There were 50 subjects: 25 cases of MDD and 25 healthy matched controls with non-statistically significant difference to cases as regard gender, marital status, residence, education, age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Total serum ghrelin levels among our cases showed a mean value of 4.152, while the controls showed markedly low values, with a mean value of 0.436, showing a statistically significant difference between both groups with p < 0.001. Furthermore, Post Hoc analysis by least significant difference showed a significant difference between mild-severe and moderate-severe groups, although there was no statistically significant difference between mild and moderate groups. Conclusions There was a significant indirect correlation between serum ghrelin level and severity of the illness. Further investigations via longitudinal studies and on larger samples are recommended to settle specific causal paths between the two variables.

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Synergistic effects of resilience and serum ghrelin levels on the 12-week pharmacotherapeutic response in patients with depressive disorders

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Development of a model to predict antidepressant treatment response for depression among Veterans

Development of a model to predict antidepressant treatment response for depression among Veterans

Association Between Self-rating Depression Scores and Total Ghrelin and Adipokine Serum Levels in a Large Population-Based Sample

The role of ghrelin peptide among a sample of Egyptian patients with first episode of major depressive disorder

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