Synergistic Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Exposure to Violence on Urban Asthma Etiology

Clougherty, Jane E.; Levy, Jonathan I.; Kubzansky, Laura D.; Ryan, P. Barry; Suglia, Shakira F.; Canner, Marina J.; Wright, Rosalind J.

doi:10.1289/ehp.9863

Cited by 290 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These findings suggest that early-life exposures to traffic pollutants may affect asthma severity and development. This view is supported by studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] of preschool children that have found increased risk of incident asthma or wheeze or cough without a cold from long-term exposures to local trafficrelated air pollutants using GIS-based methods. A recent study 35 showed acute increases in wheeze occurrence with elevations in daily regional NO 2 and NO x levels in infants and children followed up during their first 3 years of life.…”

Section: Overview Of Findings and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…9 High home or school traffic density has been associated with prevalence of diagnosed asthma in epidemiologic studies. 10,11 Cohort studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have shown associations between asthma incidence or early wheeze or cough without a cold and traffic-related air pollution near the homes of preschool children using geographic information system (GIS)-based exposure models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated hospital encounters for asthma in children and exposure to traffic-related air pollution near the home

Delfino

Chang

et al. 2009

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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Background: Aggregate hospital encounters for asthma (admissions or emergency department visits) have been associated with daily regional air pollution. There are fewer data on relationships between repeated hospital encounters and traffic-related air pollution near the home.Objective: To estimate the association of local traffic-generated air pollution with repeated hospital encounters for asthma in children.Methods: Hospital records for 2,768 children aged 0 to 18 years (697 of whom had Ն2 encounters) were obtained for a catchment area of 2 hospitals in northern Orange County, California. Residential addresses were geocoded. A line source dispersion model was used to estimate individual seasonal exposures to local traffic-generated pollutants (nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide) longitudinally beginning with the first hospital encounter. Recurrent proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate risk of exposure to air pollution adjusting for sex, age, health insurance, census-derived poverty, race/ethnicity, residence distance to hospital, and season. The adjustment variables and census-derived median household income were tested for effect modification.Results: Adjusted hazard ratios for interquartile range increases in nitrogen oxides (4.00 ppb) and carbon monoxide (0.056 ppm) were 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.16) and 1.07 (1.01-1.14), respectively. Associations were strongest for girls and infants but were not significantly different from other groups. Stronger associations in children from higher-income block groups (P Ͻ .09 for trend) may have been due to more accurate data.Conclusions: Associations for repeated hospital encounters suggest that locally generated air pollution near the home affects asthma severity in children. Risk may begin during infancy and continue in later childhood, when asthma diagnoses are clearer.

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Section: Overview Of Findings and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated hospital encounters for asthma in children and exposure to traffic-related air pollution near the home

Delfino

Chang

et al. 2009

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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“…10,64,67,68 Risk factors may interact to affect health, as shown by research on the synergistic effects of air pollution and exposure to violence in relation to asthma among urban children. 69 Future research must address psychological factors over the lifecourse, the relative importance of chronic and acute stressors, 70 the possibility that the asthma phenotype is programmed before birth, 17 and reverse causality, since stress and consequent problems may be caused or aggravated by having asthma or caring for someone with asthma. [70][71][72][73] In addition to an ecological perspective, longitudinal data and a multi-level approach are required to understand structural forces that influence the distribution of housing stressors-and as a result, psychological stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and the City: Housing Stressors are Associated with Respiratory Health among Low Socioeconomic Status Chicago Children

et al. 2010

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Asthma disproportionately affects non-whites in urban areas and those of low socioeconomic status, yet asthma's social patterning is not well-explained by known risk factors. We hypothesized that disadvantaged urban populations experience acute and chronic housing stressors which produce psychological stress and impact health through biological and behavioral pathways. We examined eight outcomes: six child respiratory outcomes as well as parent and child general health, using data from 682 low-income, Chicago parents of diagnosed and undiagnosed asthmatic children. We created a continuous exposure, representing material, social and emotional dimensions of housing stressors, weighted by their parent-reported difficulty. We compared the 75th to the 25th quartile of exposure in adjusted binomial and negative binomial regression models. Higher risks and rates of poor health were associated with higher housing stressors for six of eight outcomes. The risk difference (RD) for poor/fair general health was larger for children [RD=6.28 (95% CI 1.22, 11.35)] than for parents [RD=3.88 (95% CI −1.87, 9.63)]. The incidence rate difference (IRD) for exercise intolerance was nearly one extra day per 2 weeks for the higher exposure group [IRD= 0.88 (95% CI 0.41, 1.35)]; nearly one-third extra day per 2 weeks for waking at night [IRD=0.32 (95% CI 0.01, 0.63)]; and nearly one-third extra day per 6 months for unplanned medical visits [IRD=0.30 (95% CI 0.059, 0.54)]. Results contribute to the conceptualization of urban stress as a "social pollutant" and to the hypothesized role of stress in health disparities. Interventions to improve asthma outcomes must address individuals' reactions to stress while we seek structural solutions to residential stressors and health inequities.

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“…One of the most important environmental factors that has been problematic in recent decades especially among urban societies and could raise the serum level of inflammatory cytokines by affecting gut microbiota function is air pollution [18,[22][23][24][25]. Oral route accounts for much of the exposure to air pollutants and human studies have shown that larger particles are quickly cleared from the lungs and transported to the intestinal tract by mucociliary clearance [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Relation Between Air Pollution and Hepatic Encephalopathy Exacerbation

Alavinejad¹,

Mard²,

Esk³

et al. 2016

GHOA

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In this retrospective cross sectional survey, by evaluating the records of Ahvaz aerology stations and air pollution committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University, the DATA about 4 major air AbstractBackground: To evaluate relation between air pollution and rate and duration of hospital admission due to hepatic encephalopathy as a major complication of liver cirrhosis. Methods:In this retrospective study, during a 10 months period, the number and average duration of hospitalization of patients admitted in GI ward of a referral center due to hepatic encephalopathy were recorded in an industrial capital city. Concomitantly the level of 4 major air pollutants including SO 2 , CO, NO 2 and O 3 measured and the correlation between severity of hepatic encephalopathy and air pollution determined by Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: Average number of admission was 5 to 6 patients per month (1-10). The average duration of hospitalization was 7.6 days (3-19). After comparison of average concentration of 4 major air pollutants with rate of hepatic encephalopathy, there was a relation, between O3 concentration and duration of admissions (P=0.048, correlation coefficient 0.636) and also a non-significant relation between O3 concentration and number of admissions (P=0.78, correlation coefficient 0.58). DATA analysis did not reveal any significant relation between SO 2 , NO 2 and CO and the rate and duration of admission due to hepatic encephalopathy (P > 0.05). Conclusion:It seems that O 3 as one of the major air pollutants can aggravates course of hepatic encephalopathy. This issue should further be clarified in future studies.

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Synergistic Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Exposure to Violence on Urban Asthma Etiology

Cited by 290 publications

References 56 publications

Repeated hospital encounters for asthma in children and exposure to traffic-related air pollution near the home

Repeated hospital encounters for asthma in children and exposure to traffic-related air pollution near the home

Stress and the City: Housing Stressors are Associated with Respiratory Health among Low Socioeconomic Status Chicago Children

Evaluation of Relation Between Air Pollution and Hepatic Encephalopathy Exacerbation

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