Synergistic fire retardancy in layered-silicate nanocomposite combined with low-melting phenysiloxane glass

Abstract

Tetraphenyl phosphonium-modified layered silicate (LS) and low-melting phenylsiloxane glass (G) are combined for more efficient halogen-free flame retardancy in epoxy resin (EP_LSG). Particularly, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) is decreased (by up to 60%), but levels off at additive concentrations !10 wt%. The performance of EP_LSG is compared to EP_LS and EP_G assuming an absolute and a relative flame retardancy effect, respectively, and based on the same amount of each filler and, alternatively, with EP_G containing the same overall amount of filler. EP_LSG behaves close to superposition but shows a strong tendency toward synergism due to a superior structural integrity of the fire residues. Apart from LS, adding G in particular is a promising approach when its content is 5 wt%, as is LSG for !10 wt%.

Functionalized Graphene and Carbon Materials as Additives for Melt‐Extruded Flame Retardant Polypropylene

“…The residue of PP‐FR +5.0 wt% EG 40 shows a loose layer of flake‐like particles, the residues of the MLG 250 and TRGO systems appear to be more closed and with an uniform structure, explaining the strong reduction in PHRR. Wu et al also described an analogous correlation between PHRR reduction and residue structure for layered silicate epoxy nanocomposites . In terms of forming an effective protection layer during combustion, the well exfoliated layered particle morphology of MLG 250 and TRGO is favorable.…”

Flame-Retardancy Properties of Intumescent Ammonium Poly(Phosphate) and Mineral Filler Magnesium Hydroxide in Combination with Graphene

“…Quantification of the synergy in order to improve the synergy discussion was proposed by Weil and Lewin [36] as well as more recently [37,38]. A synergistic behavior of two components affecting a certain material property is assessed by calculating the synergy effect (SE) index according to Equation (1) [39]. For example, Equation (1) is written to assess the co-operation of MH and TRGO in terms of oxygen index (OI).…”

Melamine poly(metal phosphates) as flame retardant in epoxy resin: Performance, modes of action, and synergy

“…Various approaches have been made to quantify synergistic effects in flame retardancy . In this work, the performance of the combinations of flame retardants in THE and PHRR was compared with the superposition of the effects expected for the single flame retardants.…”

“…Furthermore, an index to quantify the synergistic efficiency ( SE A ) was calculated according to eq. . An SE A > 1 indicates a synergistic effect, while an SE A < 1 indicates an antagonistic effect.…”