Synergistic fire safety improvement between oyster shell powder and ammonium polyphosphate in TPU composites

Abstract

In this article, oyster shell powder (OSP) was used as fire safety agent with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The synergistic fire safety improvement between OSP and APP was intensively investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, smoke density test (SDT), and cone calorimeter test (CCT). There is a good synergistic effect of reducing the fire hazards when OSP was used with APP in TPU. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the sample with 2.0‐wt% OSP and 8.0‐wt% APP decreased to 86.8 kW/m2 from 175.7 kW/m2 of the sample with only 10.0‐wt% APP. The SDT results showed that the luminous flux of sample OSP2/APP8 was up to 28.9% at the end of experiment with flame, which was much higher than that of pure TPU (1.5%). The thermal stability and thermal decomposition of TPU composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier infrared spectrum analysis (TG‐IR). The result revealed the inert gasses (including CO2 and water vapor) produced by the reaction between OSP and APP. A char formed on the surface of composites, hindered the flame spread, reduced the release of combustible gas, and restricted the precursor of smoke into combustion zone.

A rare‐earth‐based nano‐flame retardant with 2D MXene for improving fire safety and mechanical property of thermoplastic polyurethane composites

“…However, it still confronts some application dilemmas due to its high fire hazards. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Therefore, it is vital to decrease the risk of widespread applications of polymers due to their general flammability and smoke toxicity resulting from the structure and composition of TPU. To solve this problem, the incorporation of flame retardants is considered a common solution.…”

“…Ascribed with robust mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has widely been used in many fields, such as pipes, films, cables, and automotive applications. However, it still confronts some application dilemmas due to its high fire hazards 1–8 . Therefore, it is vital to decrease the risk of widespread applications of polymers due to their general flammability and smoke toxicity resulting from the structure and composition of TPU.…”

Preparation and compatibility mechanism study of the polyurethane-polysiloxane copolymer with tunable polysiloxane content for TPU/MVQ blends with comfortable texture

“…Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), featuring strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds, is a material composed of both soft and hard segments, exhibiting elasticity and high mechanical strength, but poor aging resistance. 1,2 Meanwhile, methyl vinyl silicone elastomer (MVQ) is a material with highly flex-ible -Si-O-Siin the molecular chain, which exhibits excellent resistance to high and low temperature, weather resistance, and aging resistance, but the interaction between molecular chains is relatively weak, resulting in a disadvantage in terms of mechanical strength. 3,4 Therefore, it will be very attractive to combine the advantages of these two components, TPU and MVQ, such as high mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility, flexibility and chemical stability by blending.…”

Impact of a Novel Phosphoramide Flame Retardant on the Fire Behavior and Transparency of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers

“…There are two main types of flame retardant methods currently applied to TPU. The first is the preparation of inherently flame-retarded TPU, which is difficult to industrialize. − The second is the additive type, which is mainly used in the research and application field of flame retardant TPU. − …”

“… 21 − 25 The second is the additive type, which is mainly used in the research and application field of flame retardant TPU. 26 − 32 …”