Synergistic flame retardancy effect of graphene nanosheets and traditional retardants on epoxy resin

Liu, Shan; Fang, Zhengping; Yan, Hongqiang; Chevali, Venkata S.; Wang, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.03.012

Cited by 118 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Moreover, it is believed that the superior properties of the graphene nanocomposites are not only because of the nanoscale dispersion of graphene within the rubber matrix, but are also the result of a strong interaction between rubber molecular chains and graphene [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Graphene oxide (GO), because of its laminated structure with the function of oxygen barrier, is popularly used in flame-retardant materials [ 14 , 15 ]. In addition, GO has been reported that it could improve the thermostability of polymers, including epoxy resin [ 16 ], natural rubber [ 17 ], cellulose [ 18 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Nitrile Rubber Composites by Functional Graphene Oxide

Zhong

Zhang

Zhao³

et al. 2018

Materials

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Graphene oxide (GO), modified with anti-aging agent p-phenylenediamine (PPD), was added into nitrile rubber (NBR) in order to improve the thermo-oxidative stability of NBR. The modification of GO and the transformation of functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical performances of NBR composites before and after the thermo-oxidative aging were recorded. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show an increased storage modulus (G’) and a decreased value of area of tan δ peak after introducing modified GO into NBR. It indicates that filler particles show positive interaction with molecular chains. The thermo-oxidative stability of composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Then, the thermo-oxidative aging kinetic parameters were obtained by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) equation. The results of aging tests show that the thermo-oxidative stability of rubber matrix increases obviously after introducing GO–PPD. In addition, mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of both before and after aged NBR/GO–PPD composites were superior to that of NBR. This work provides meaningful guidance for achieving multifunction thermo-oxidative aging resistance rubber composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Nitrile Rubber Composites by Functional Graphene Oxide

Zhong

Zhang

Zhao³

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…A notable reduction in the fire hazard of the nanocomposite was achieved by the addition of FRGO. The effect of graphene nanosheets (GNS) combined with traditional flame retardants was systematically studied by Wang 24 , and different synergistic mechanisms were proposed for different flame retardant systems. In addition, a series of novel graphene-based flame retardants 25 , 26 were also prepared by grafting various substances onto the surface of GO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preparation and application of a graphene-based hybrid flame retardant containing a long-chain phosphaphenanthrene

Chen

Liu²,

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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A novel hybrid flame retardant combining graphene oxide (GO) with long-chain phosphaphenanthrene was fabricated via surface grafting reaction. Taking advantageous of the double barrier effects, including the physical shield contributed by graphene nanoplates during the initial stage and the chemical char contributed by phosphaphenanthrene during the later stage, greatly decreased the release rate of decomposed volatiles from the resin, as well as minimized the release of oxygen and combustion heat. Hence, such hybrid flame retardant can overcome the shortcomings of early acid catalyzed degradation effects caused by conventional flame retardants containing phosphorus. Satisfactory flame retardance was achieved (UL94 V-0 rating) with only 4% addition of the hybrid flame retardant to the epoxy resin laminate. Due to the long-chain and bulky phosphaphenanthrene groups, the interlayer attractive forces of the modified GO were effectively weakened, thus favoring the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene sheets. As a result, the incorporation of the flame retardant slightly enhanced the mechanical properties of the polymer composites, rather than deteriorating them, as occurs with traditional additive flame retardants. As a potential application for graphene, it is believed that the reported hybrid flame retardant has promising future prospect.

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“…Liu and co-workers [38] investigated the flame retardant properties of epoxy systems containing graphene nanosheets in combination with layered double hydroxide, layered rareearth hydroxide, or a traditional phosphorus-based flame retardant (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10oxide, DOPO). All the three systems enhanced the flame retardancy of the epoxy network, in particular by preventing the dripping phenomena, by increasing the limiting oxygen index (which raised from 15.9 to 23.6% in the presence of only 0.5 wt.% of both graphene nanosheets and layered double hydroxide), by decreasing the total heat release (from 33.4 to 24.6 MJ/m 2 , in the presence of 2.5 wt.% of both graphene nanosheets and layered double hydroxide), and finally by lowering the peak of heat release rate (-66.8%) and the total heat release (-33.6%) with the addition of 2.5 wt.% of both graphene nanosheets and DOPO.…”

Section: Graphene and Its Derivatives As Flame Retardants For Thermosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Graphene in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances

Malucelli

2018

CGS

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Background: From its discovery, graphene has become a very fascinating nanomaterial, thanks to its structure that determines peculiar (and unique) mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Thus, graphene has stimulated and is still motivating several researchers to widen its potentialities that are currently being exploited in different application sectors, comprising catalysis and energy, nanoelectronics, quantum physics and the design and manufacturing of advanced nanocomposite materials and biomaterials. Being a carbon source, already organized in a well-ordered morphology, graphene is nowadays starting to experience a different application, i.e. in the fire retardancy of polymers, foams and textiles, often in combination with other flame retardant additives or nanofillers, with which graphene can often act in a synergistic way. In fact, it is well reported in the scientific literature that graphene and its derivatives can play a key role either in slowing down the flame propagation or even in providing self-extinction to the thermoplastic or thermosetting matrices, where the nanofiller is incorporated in; furthermore, by exploiting surface engineered approaches, it is possible to design very effective flame retardant coatings on textile substrates. Objective: This paper aims at reviewing the current state-of-the-art about the use of graphene and its derivatives as efficient flame retardant additives for different polymeric materials, highlighting the current limitations/achievements and discussing some possible future developments.

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Synergistic flame retardancy effect of graphene nanosheets and traditional retardants on epoxy resin

Cited by 118 publications

References 30 publications

Improving Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Nitrile Rubber Composites by Functional Graphene Oxide

Improving Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Nitrile Rubber Composites by Functional Graphene Oxide

The preparation and application of a graphene-based hybrid flame retardant containing a long-chain phosphaphenanthrene

The Role of Graphene in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances

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