Synergistic interaction of Glomus mosseae T. and Trichoderma harzianum R. in the induction of systemic resistance of Cucumis sativus L. to Alternaria alternata (Fr.) K.

Abstract

Due to the various negative impacts of chemical fungicides, the reduction of its applications in agricultural production process is widely recommended. Thus, the need and application of bio-agents in disease control has increased tremendously. The current study aimed at investigating the role of both bio-agents Glomus mosseae (mycorrhizal fungi) and Trichoderma harzianum in protection of Cucumis sativus (cucumber plants) against the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata which is an opportunistic pathogen and the causal agent of cucumber wilt disease. Results obtained from this work revealed the positive influence of using bio-agents treatments in the reduction of pathogenic effects of A. alternata. The results also showed that G. mosseae and T. harzianum combination had a positive synergistic influence in reducing the detrimental effects of A. alternata ny improving the biomass yield (e.g. fresh and dry weight of root); as well as, on disease severity on C. sativus. Bio-agents (G. mosseae and T. harzianum) increased resistance in C. sativus by raising the production of enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Conclusively, this research revealed that using a multifarious combination of bio-agents significantly (P =.05) increased the efficiency of biological control of A. alternata than using each of them exclusively. Thus, it is recommended that to get an effective result in the control of the pathogen A. alternata in crops as highlighted by the results of this work; a combination of two bio-agents should be used.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Paecilomyces Lilacinus and Trichoderma Harzianum as Biological Control Agents Against Alternaria Solani Causing Early Blight Disease of Eggplant

“…Trichoderma spp. has been shown to be the most effective biological control agents (BCA's) against many plant pathogens (El- Tanany et al, 2018;Matrood et al, 2020). Due to the importance of early blight disease on the eggplant caused by A. solani and the need for more essential information to manage this disease and to decrease the economic and environmental damage of the employ fungicides and given more researches on the integrated management of the early blight.…”

Potential of the indirect and direct beneficial effects of the use of Trichoderma koningii, Aspergillus niger and Mucor sp. on eggplants plants: Plant growth and systemic resistance induction

“…The plates were incubated in the dark at 25 ± 2 °C for 10 days, and then examined the length of the shoot (LS) (cm), root (LR) (cm) and leaf (LL) (cm). LS, LR and LL were assessed on 100 eggplant seedlings per treatment and per replicate (Rhouma et al 2018;Matrood et al 2020). Germinated eggplant seeds were placed in a pot containing a mixture of peat (50 %) and vermiculite (50 %) with 3 seedlings per pot.…”

“…The fungal species identification was carried by observing the macroscopic and microscopic characterization after a series of subculturing until purification. The airborne pathogens isolation was assessed on 15 eggplant plants per treatment and per replicate (Rhouma et al 2016;Matrood et al 2020).…”

“…Iraqi annual economic yield losses due to several diseases have been estimated more than 70 % and about 50 -100 % decrease in plant yield have been reportedly (Hussein 2016;El-Debaiky 2018). Unfortunately, strategies to manage plant pathology employed by Iraqi farmers were fungicides (Matrood et al 2020). The massive application of synthetic chemicals against fungal pathogens poses human health hazards and increases environmental pollution (Rhouma et al 2016;.…”

“…Therefore, alternatives strategies are required for phytopathogens control. Biological control is the best alternative and eco-friendly approach for such treatments, defined as a total or partial destruction of phytopathogens fungi by other organisms, which occur routinely in nature (Rhouma et al 2018;Matrood et al 2020).…”