Synergistic interactions of shampoo ingredients

Hay, Peter M.

doi:10.1007/bf02633385

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Combined effects of active ingredients and surfactants have been con irmed in veterinary medicine, e.g. antagonistic effects between various bacteriostatic and bactericidal compounds, synergistic effects between antiseptic ionic and non-ionic tensides [33,34] and hexachlorophene [35]. Moreover, the dissociation, α-chymotryptic degradation and enteral absorption of insulin hexamers are in luenced by combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the cationic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactants in pharmaceuticals [36].…”

Section: Differential Toxicity Of Formulated Veterinary and Pesticidementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism-related Teratogenic, Hormone Modulant and other Toxicological effects of Veterinary and agricultural surfactants

Székacs¹

2017

Insights Vet Sci

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Veterinary and agricultural surfactants are supposed to be inert additives, yet these substances commonly exert biological side-effects, in given cases synergistic with those of the active ingredients of these preparations. This is explicitly seen in altered toxicity of veterinary or pesticide formulations compared to their active ingredients alone. Neither the individual effects of these excipients, nor such combination effects are wellstudied in toxicology, and therefore, possible toxicity consequences are occasionally not being considered at suffi cient signifi cance in the authorization, use and control of these substances. Risk assessment of these substances should cover all hazards they may represent, and corresponding levels of exposure. Surfactants used in veterinary and pesticide formulation enter the environment either by direct dispersion or by indirect release through excrement, leaching, sewage waters or sludge, and in turn, create potential exposure to a number of non-target organisms. Biochemical and (eco)toxicological hazards recently identifi ed regarding certain agricultural surfactants include cytotoxicity (on cell lines of epithelial, neural and other tissues, as well as stem cells and tumor cells), endocrine disrupting effects, as well as aquatic ecotoxicity. This Mini Review summarizes toxicological effects identifi ed in our studies in aquatic toxicity tests, in cell viability and cytotoxicity tests, in estrogenic activity assays, correlated with biochemical analysis of the surfactants and their decomposition. The conclusions are hoped to facilitate environmentally precautious revision of surfactants widely used in agriculture.

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Section: Differential Toxicity Of Formulated Veterinary and Pesticidementioning

confidence: 99%