Synergistic interplay between human MSCs and HUVECs in 3D spheroids laden in collagen/fibrin hydrogels for bone tissue engineering

Type I Collagen-Fibrin Mixed Hydrogels: Preparation, Properties and Biomedical Applications

“…For instance, acidic tropocollagen and fibrinogen are first mixed and then added to a NaOH-medium-thrombin solution (2) [128,129] or the tropocollagen/fibrinogen mixture is first neutralized before addition of the other components (3) [130][131][132][133][134][135]. A second possibility is to prepare a thrombin/fibrinogen mixture that then reacts with collagen (4) [136][137][138][139]. Finally, tropocollagen as well as atelocollagen are neutralized and mixed with thrombin before fibrinogen is added (5) [140,141].…”

Sodium alginate/collagen composite multiscale porous scaffolds containing poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres fabricated based on additive manufacturing technology

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18] Moreover, the hydrophilic collagen scaffolds have difficulty loading hydrophobic drugs uniformly, which limits the application of collagen scaffold materials in drug loading and sustained release. 19,20 In addition, currently most of the prepared collagen scaffolds consist of singlepore structures, which do not satisfy the pore requirements for the multi-scale porous structures of cartilage. 21,22 For improving the mechanical properties of collagen scaffolds, adding suitable crosslinking agent, inlaying rigid particles and introducing double crosslinking network into collagen hydrogels are promising effective methods.…”

Advanced biomedical applications based on emerging 3D cell culturing platforms

“…These cells are hierarchically organized into a large bone structure similar to that of spheroids. [118][119][120] Accordingly, 3D spheroid cell cultures can mimic key aspects of native bone cellular microenvironments and hierarchical organization, and thus have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers in bone tissue engineering. Hoefner et al developed human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell spheroids possessing high adipogenic capacity.…”