Synergistic Lysozyme‐Photodynamic Therapy Against Resistant Bacteria based on an Intelligent Upconversion Nanoplatform

Abstract

The rapid emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria has raised a great social concern together with the impetus for exploring advanced antibacterial ways. NIR‐triggered antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) by lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) as energy donor exhibits the advantages of high tissue penetration, broad antibacterial spectrum and less acquired resistance, but is still limited by its low efficacy. Now we designed a bio‐inorganic nanohybrid and combined lysozyme (LYZ) with UCNP‐PDT system to enhance the efficiency against resistant bacteria. Benefiting from the rapid adhesion to bacteria, intelligently bacteria‐responsive LYZ release and synergistic LYZ‐PDT effect, the nanoplatform achieves an exceptionally strong bactericidal capacity and conspicuous bacteriostasis on methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. These findings pave the way for designing efficiently antibacterial nanomaterials and provide a new strategy for combating deep‐tissue bacterial infection.

Upconversion rare Earths nanomaterials applied to photodynamic therapy and bioimaging

“…In this sense, PDT can be associated with an antimicrobial agent for a synergic effect with these medical therapies. In the study developed by ( Li et al, 2021 ), the group designed a hierarchical bio-inorganic nanoplatform based on NaYF 4 : Er,Yb@NaYF 4 core-shell coated by dense silica and mesoporous silica to afford an efficient load of methylene blue as a photosensitizer and anti-microbial lysozyme, subsequently. To accomplish a high generation of 1 O 2 , the methylene blue was combined precisely to preserve the monomeric structure as much as possible.…”

Size-Controllable Nanosystem with Double Responsive for Deep Photodynamic Therapy

“…In order to address the issue of light penetration, many near-infrared (NIR) light excitation strategies [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] for deep-tissue PDT have been proposed, especially upconversion luminescence [ 14 , 15 ]. Different from traditional energy down-conversion based fluorescence luminescence [ 16 ], upconversion luminescence is a process capable of converting two or more low-energy photons that have been absorbed into the emission of photons with a relatively high energy [ 17 ], which dramatically reduces the autofluorescence background and improves tissue penetration as well as diminishes phototoxicity [ 18 ].…”

AIEgen Intercalated Nanoclay-Based Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Theranostic Platform for Ultra-Efficient Bacterial Eradication and Fast Wound Healing

“…The cytotoxic ROS, e.g., hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), can not only damage the integrity of bacterial cell membranes but also damage important cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, causing irreversible damage to bacteria. − Such combined action of multiple destruction methods makes PDT highly efficient with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which shows great potential in combating MDR infections. However, there still exist some deficiencies in PDT treatment, such as limited light penetration depth and oxygen reliance, largely affecting PDT efficiency in deep tissue. , …”

“…However, there still exist some deficiencies in PDT treatment, such as limited light penetration depth and oxygen reliance, largely affecting PDT efficiency in deep tissue. 24,25 To make up for the defects of PDT, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), another emerging ROS-regulated approach, is taken into consideration for combination therapy. Similar to the tumor microenvironment, the bacterial infectious microenvironment (IME) has been demonstrated to have low pH infections.…”