“…Compared to their corresponding single-component counterparts, heterostructures are generated through the modulation of the catalyst's surface charge state. Heterostructures with higher catalytic capabilities can overcome the weak oxidative ability and reduced reductive ability of single-component CTFs, while also satisfying requirements for long-term stability, wide absorption spectra, strong redox ability, and high charge separation efficiency [ 37 , [180] , [181] , [182] , [183] , [184] , [185] , [186] , [187] , [188] , [189] , [190] , [191] ]. Therefore, the meticulous design and fabrication of heterogeneous structural materials with unique structures have become an important approach to enhance catalytic performance.…”