Synergistic role of in-situ crosslinkable electrospun nanofiber/epoxy nanocomposite interlayers for superior laminated composites

Bilge, Kaan; Yorulmaz, Yelda; Javanshour, Farzin; Ürkmez, Ayça; Yılmaz, Bengisu; Şimşek, Eren; Papila, Melih

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.08.029

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another study from the same group aimed at improving nanofiber‐matrix interaction. Same author endeavored to introduce multiscale toughening mechanism through nanofiber cross‐linking with epoxy matrix, stimulated thermally . Polystyrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate P (St‐co‐GMA)/TBA‐PA nanofiber was designed to enable Phthalic anhydride (PA) group catalyzation by TBA initiator.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Electrospun Nanofiber Reinforced Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bilge et al aimed to introduce hierarchal toughening mechanism through nanofiber cross‐linking with epoxy matrix, stimulated thermally . Polystyrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate P (St‐co‐GMA)/TBA‐PA nanofiber was deposited on mid‐plane of carbon‐epoxy prepregs having (0) 48 configuration.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Electrospun Nanofiber Reinforced Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A) Load vs displacement behavior for end‐notch flexural test with G IIC values, Copyright 2017. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Ltd. (B) Schematic of micro/nano scale toughening mechanisms in hybrid nanofiber carbon/epoxy composites, Copyright 2018.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Electrospun Nanofiber Reinforced Comentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber reinforced/interleaved epoxy matrix composites—A review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrospinning has by far proved to be the most successful method to spin high aspect and surface area to volume ratio nanofiber for multidisciplinary applications. Its application, however, as reinforcement in fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites (FRPC's) started from interlaminar fracture toughness improvement through interleaving. Since then, its usage both in short fiber and nonwoven mat formation has been phenomenally increased to tailor mechanical properties. This review paper focuses on application of nanofiber in multiscale reinforced epoxy matrix composites for mechanical performance. After a brief overview of electrospinning and spinning parameters, it presents a case for nanofiber as reinforcement with attendant mechanisms to develop insight into nanocomposite performance. Next, it summarizes and shares findings of studies, carried out in last 10 years, seeking to enhance tensile, flexural, interlaminar toughness, impact, and fatigue properties of epoxy composites through electrospun nanofiber reinforcement. Finally, it presents a perspective to gain headways in nanofiber reinforced FRPC's research through a variety of processing and material variables.

show abstract

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Electrospun Nanofiber Reinforced Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Electrospun Nanofiber Reinforced Comentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber reinforced/interleaved epoxy matrix composites—A review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the susceptibility to delamination of composite laminates is still an important issue in many applications. A novel methodology to increase the interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) is based on the interleaving of thin nanofibrous veils within the composite laminates and has proven to be an easy and straightforward pathway to toughened composites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The nanofibers typically have a diameter below 500 nm and these are deposited via electrospinning as a non-woven veil with a very high surface area to volume ratio and provide superior mechanical performance compared to the bulk polymer [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delamination resistant composites by interleaving bio-based long-chain polyamide nanofibers through optimal control of fiber diameter and fiber morphology

Meireman

Daelemans

Rijckaert

et al. 2020

Composites Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work an innovative electrospinning system is proposed that simultaneously has an adequate temperature resistance, a high increase in mode I (þ51%) and mode II (þ96%) delamination performance and can be commercially produced. Interleaving nanofibrous veils can potentially solve the issue of the limited delamination resistance encountered in composite laminates, but industrial upscaling has always been impeded by one or more critical factors. These constraining factors include a limited temperature stability of the nanofibers, a lack in simultaneous mode I and II delamination performance increase and the complexity of the electrospinning system because non-commercial polymers or specialty nanofibers (e.g. coaxial) are required. In this paper, a robust electrospinning system is proposed that is the first to overcome all major hurdles to make nanofiber toughening industrially viable. A new class of nanofibers based on biosourced polyamide 11 and its poly(ether-block-amide) co-polymers is used to deal with those shortcomings. The nanofibers have tuneable diameters down to 50 nm and cross-section morphologies ranging from circular to ribbon-shaped. The key to this work is the fundamental underpinning of the toughening effect using a broad range of interleaves with different mechanical and thermal properties, fiber diameters and fiber morphologies, all produced from the same bio-based base polymer. Generally, round and thin nanofibers performed better than larger and ribbon-like fibers. The relationship between the fiber morphology and the delamination performance is further underpinned using detailed analysis of the fracture surface. Ultimately, this results in a range of optimized nanofibrous veils capable of improving the delamination resistance considerably without suffering from the aforementioned drawbacks.

show abstract

“…Figure 12E is an informative micrograph where intralaminar and interlaminar crack formation can be seen as well as the altered resin morphology when the self-same nanofibers were integrated ( figure 12G). Similar to figure 12A, figure12E also shows resin block formation with fiber imprints on their surfaces however the localized appearance of 0º fibers in ply surfaces has been replaced by the self-same nanofiber/epoxy complex which is partly able to crosslink [13] with epoxy resin and to modify the surrounding resin morphology [10] (figure 12G). Crack deflection mechanism associated with the self-same/nanofibers is shown in Figure 12F where interlaminar failure is locally deflected towards 90º plies causing resin fracture.…”

Section: P2 Nanofibermentioning

confidence: 61%

Multiscale Reinforcing Interlayers of Self-same P(St-co-GMA) Nanofibers Loaded with MCF for Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites

Arpatappeh

Aydemir

Bilge

et al. 2019

AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrospinning has become a proven technique to introduce polymeric sub-phases into composites. The sub-phases such as nanofibers can also be used as a carrier platform for reinforcing particles at different scales, enabling a multiscale reinforcement approach. However, the polymeric nanofibers may lose their intended fibrous morphology during the composite curing at elevated temperature. As such, polymeric sub-phase can not contribute effectively as fibers to the mechanical properties of the composite. This paper exemplifies introduction of milled carbon fibers (MCF) carried by electrospun polymeric nanofibers and the use of the resultant multi-scale reinforcement as interlayer within conventional structural composites. The issue of polymeric nanofibers exposed to elevated temperature curing is circumvented by implementing a novel self-same nanofibrous strategy. While a base polymer for the nanofibers is chosen as epoxy compatible P(St-co-GMA), its derivative by a cross-linker Phthalic Anhydrate, P(St-co-GMA)/PA is also incorporated by dual-electrospining, i.e. simultaneous electrospinning of the two polymers. It was shown that the nanofibers of the base polymer melt and fuse over the cross-linkable nanofibers forming the self-same nanofibrous morphology during the heat treatment in accordance with the cure cycle of the epoxy resin in this study. MCFs were mixed into the cross-linkable polymer solution and electrospun with the P(St-co-GMA)/PA nanofibers. The dual polymer and MCF loaded nanofibrous structures were analyzed morphologically before and after heat treatment. Homogenous distribution of particles in the fibrous structures, melting of the neat copolymer, crosslinking of the polymer mix, and selfsame fibrous structure were characterized. The nanofiber mats were used as the reinforcement to epoxy resin films and as interlayers for carbon fiber-reinforced composites. In the case of nanocomposites, MCF enhanced the elastic modulus by about 9%. In the use of multiscale nanofibrous mats as interlayers of continuous carbon fiber composites, they improved the ultimate tensile strength of a cross-ply laminate by 9%.

show abstract

Synergistic role of in-situ crosslinkable electrospun nanofiber/epoxy nanocomposite interlayers for superior laminated composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber reinforced/interleaved epoxy matrix composites—A review

Mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber reinforced/interleaved epoxy matrix composites—A review

Delamination resistant composites by interleaving bio-based long-chain polyamide nanofibers through optimal control of fiber diameter and fiber morphology

Multiscale Reinforcing Interlayers of Self-same P(St-co-GMA) Nanofibers Loaded with MCF for Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About