“…The metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, a kind of typical extreme-pressure antiwear additives, tend to form the chemical reaction film under high load resistance. , Despite their excellent properties, the dispersion stability of nanoparticles in lubricating oils remains a thorny issue, which directly affects the performance and lifespan of the lubricant. Chemically modified metal/metal oxide nanoparticles used as lubricating oil additives often show defects such as complicated processes, short life, and even environmental pollution. ,, Another typical extreme-pressure antiwear agent is an organic additive containing N, S, P, Cl, and other elements, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP); , however, ZDDP also has some disadvantages that cannot be ignored, such as bad smell and an unfriendly environment . Therefore, it is extremely important to prepare a highly dispersed, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic antiwear agent.…”