“…Accurate temperature measurements are crucial for the majority of human activities, including science, medicine, agriculture, industry, and aerospace [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Traditional thermometers, such as liquid-filled and bimetallic thermometers, thermocouples, and thermo-resistance, generally require physical contact and thermal transmission, severely restricting their applications in moving objects, hazardous and inaccessible locations, or micro/nanoscale [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. To overcome these limitations, remote temperature sensing based on monitoring the changes in the optical properties of samples was proposed [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”