Synergy and Masking in Odor Mixtures: An Electrophysiological Study of Orthonasal vs. Retronasal Perception

Ishii, Akiko; Roudnitzky, Natacha; Béno, Noëlle; Bensafi, Moustafa; Hummel, Thomas; Rouby, Catherine; Thomas‐Danguin, Thierry

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjn022

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Orthonasally, the odor of a drink is perceived as stronger when a colorant is added (Zellner & Kautz, 1990), whereas retronasally the color reduces the perceived intensity (Koza, Cilmi, Dolese, & Zellner, 2005;Zellner & Durlach, 2003). Perceptual differences between the two routes were demonstrated by Heilmann and Hummel for single odorants (Heilmann & Hummel, 2004), and by Ishii and colleagues for odor mixtures (Ishii et al, 2008). On the neural level, Small, Gerber, Mak, and Hummel (2005), showed that different brain areas were recruited according to the stimulation route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odor hedonics and their modulators

Rouby¹,

Pouliot²,

Bensafi³

2009

Food Quality and Preference

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odor hedonics and their modulators

Rouby¹,

Pouliot²,

Bensafi³

2009

Food Quality and Preference

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“…Münch et al (2013) observed hypoadditivity between odorants on a particular receptor site in flies, due to competitive interactions between the ligands that bind to the same recognition site. Synergy between fruity odorants was observed (Ishii et al, 2008) as well as between additives in meat (Aliani et al, 2013).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Sensory Perception Influence Of Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tastes and Odors of Water—Quantifying Objective Analyses: A Review

Haese

Humeau²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Usually, organoleptic criteria have to be fulfilled for tap water in order for it to be considered safe to drink. This can be achieved at three levels: chemical analysis, sensory analysis, or through electrophysiology. While chemical analysis has been quite extensively discussed in the literature and as consumer perception is of vital importance, we propose a review of the latter two levels, namely sensory analysis and electrophysiology. We first recall some basics of perception and how it can be influenced by stimuli properties, human intrinsic factors and contextual factors, which are critical for an efficient measurement. Next, we present sensory analysis methods, as these are usually carried out in order to measure consumer appreciation of water. The drawbacks of such methods are then discussed before introducing the alternative of electrophysiological measurements. Some evidence that activity from the central and autonomic nervous systems can be measured in response to gustatory and olfactory stimuli in water is first described. Then, a review of objective physiological methods in the literature, developed to assess the emotional aspect of these reactions, is detailed. Finally, the possibility of correlating and predicting the quality, intensity, and hedonic dimension of a stimulus in water with sensory self-report and nervous system responses is discussed.

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“…Direct measurements of brain activity have demonstrated that the two stimulation routes recruit different central pathways. Orthonasal and retronasal presentations of the same odorants evoked cortical event-related potentials with different amplitudes and latencies [2,9,10], and activated different brain areas visualized by functional magnetic resonance imaging [2,11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glomerular input patterns in the mouse olfactory bulb evoked by retronasal odor stimuli

2013

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BackgroundOdorant stimuli can access the olfactory epithelium either orthonasally, by inhalation through the external nares, or retronasally by reverse airflow from the oral cavity. There is evidence that odors perceived through these two routes can differ in quality and intensity. We were curious whether such differences might potentially have a neural basis in the peripheral mechanisms of odor coding. To explore this possibility, we compared olfactory receptor input to glomeruli in the dorsal olfactory bulb evoked by orthonasal and retronasal stimulation. Maps of glomerular response were acquired by optical imaging of transgenic mice expressing synaptopHluorin (spH), a fluorescent reporter of presynaptic activity, in olfactory nerve terminals.ResultsWe found that retronasally delivered odorants were able to activate inputs to multiple glomeruli in the dorsal olfactory bulb. The retronasal responses were smaller than orthonasal responses to odorants delivered at comparable concentrations and flow rates, and they displayed higher thresholds and right-shifted dose–response curves. Glomerular maps of orthonasal and retronasal responses were usually well overlapped, with fewer total numbers of glomeruli in retronasal maps. However, maps at threshold could be quite distinct with little overlap. Retronasal responses were also more narrowly tuned to homologous series of aliphatic odorants of varying carbon chain length, with longer chain, more hydrophobic compounds evoking little or no response at comparable vapor levels.ConclusionsSeveral features of retronasal olfaction are possibly referable to the observed properties of glomerular odorant responses. The finding that retronasal responses are weaker and sparser than orthonasal responses is consistent with psychophysical studies showing lower sensitivity for retronasal olfaction in threshold and suprathreshold tests. The similarity and overlap of orthonasal and retronasal odor maps at suprathreshold concentrations agrees with generally similar perceived qualities for the same odorant stimuli administered by the two routes. However, divergence of maps near threshold is a potential factor in perceptual differences between orthonasal and retronasal olfaction. Narrower tuning of retronasal responses suggests that they may be less influenced by chromatographic adsorption effects.

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Synergy and Masking in Odor Mixtures: An Electrophysiological Study of Orthonasal vs. Retronasal Perception

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Odor hedonics and their modulators

Odor hedonics and their modulators

Tastes and Odors of Water—Quantifying Objective Analyses: A Review

Glomerular input patterns in the mouse olfactory bulb evoked by retronasal odor stimuli

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