Synergy in the Cracking of a Blend of Bio-oil and Vacuum Gasoil under Fluid Catalytic Cracking Conditions

Ibarra, Álvaro; Rodríguez, Edgar Charry; Sedrán, Ulises; Arandes, José M.; Bilbao, Javier

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04502

Cited by 75 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The oxygenate pathway, forming polyphenols residues with more aliphatic and oxygenated nature [41,42]from aldol condensation [43] and the hydrocarbon pathway, forming polycondensed aromatic structures. It is surprising that applying a temperature close to real FCC the test favours the hydrocarbons pathways in the coke composition even with of high content of oxygenates in the feed [37,44].…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, many studies have shown that the co-feeding strategy of oxygenates such as phenol [34,35], m-cresol [36] and bio-oil [37]with hydrocarbons increases the coke yield, which is ascribable to the strong adsorption of oxygenated molecules on zeolite acid sites. The FCC units are designed to handle coke on the catalyst to a certain extent.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primarily, hydrocarbon is activated by protolytic reaction on both σ C-H and C-C bonds, [29] 23 . Sequentially to the carbenium ion several bimolecular reactions could occur, particularly at moderate conversion the interconversion of olefins 54 and products (as function of the zeolite structure) 55 undergoes sequential reactions until formation of aromatics, poly-aromatics and coke 37 . n-Hexane reaction on acid catalysts such as Y and ZSM-5 affords products containing mainly 3 and 2-4 carbons related to both mono-and bi-molecular reactions 31 .…”

Section: Consideration On Mutual DX and N-hexane Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Pinto

Lam

Pereira

et al. 2019

Fuel

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The production of green hydrocarbons in the standard refinery has significant potential to reduce our reliance on oil and shorten the path to sustainability. Second-generation biomass can help to achieve this objective yet presents important drawbacks. It is majorly composed of reactive compounds and features low density. These features could be overcome by previously transforming the biomass by ketalization reaction into a bio-crude mainly composed by ketal-sugar derivatives. In this work, a representative compound of the bio-crude class, i.e. 1,2:3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-xylofuranose (DX) were used in up to 50 wt.% mixtures in n-hexane was converted in a laboratory scale fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor. A commercial and a simplified FCC catalyst were used. Converting a mixture of 30% DX in n-hexane in the presence of a commercial catalyst gave 42.3% aromatics in the liquid product, while pure n-hexane gave merely 8.9%. The use of deactivated catalysts further reduced the coke yield to half of the fresh one. The nature of the coke on the spent catalyst is exclusively composed by carbon and hydrogen, demonstrating that DX is easily deoxygenated. The n-hexane conversion slight reduced in the presence of DX, and did not reduce the stability of the catalyst through micropore blocking. This work demonstrates that adding DX allows to contributes to high bio-aromatic production in FCC and that products distribution is remarkably affected by the type of catalyst used.

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Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consideration On Mutual DX and N-hexane Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Pinto

Lam

Pereira

et al. 2019

Fuel

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“…The synergies in the co‐processing of raw bio‐oil (20 wt%) and VGO were also studied by Ibarra et al . over a commercial FCC equilibrium catalyst at 500–560°C in a CREC riser simulator.…”

Section: Bio‐oil Upgrading To Fuels and Platform Chemicals By Catalytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research progress on bio‐oil conversion into bio‐fuels and raw chemicals: a review

Valle

Remiro

García-Gómez

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

Self Cite

143

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Recent advances in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for producing fuels and commodities (olefins and BTX aromatics) are gathered in this paper, with a focus on the conversion of bio-oil (produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass). The main valorization routes are: (i) conditioning of bio-oil (by esterification, aldol condensation, ketonization, in situ cracking, and mild hydrodeoxygenation) for its use as a fuel or stable raw material for further catalytic processing; (ii) production of fuels by deep hydrodeoxygenation; (iii) ex situ catalytic cracking (in line) of the volatiles produced in biomass pyrolysis, aimed at the selective production of olefins and aromatics; (iv) cracking of raw bio-oil in units designed with specific objectives concerning selectivity; and (v) processing in fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC) units. This review deals with the technological evolution of these routes, in terms of catalysts, reaction conditions, reactors, and product yields. A study has been carried out on the current state-of-knowledge of the technological capacity, advantages and disadvantages of the different routes, as well as on the prospects for the implementation of each route within the scope of the Sustainable Refinery. /jctb 2 -C 4 olefins 147 a % Relative area: Percentage of total peak area detected by GC/MS semi-quantitative analysis.

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“…Concerning oxygenated bio-derived streams (iii), a great research interest towards exploring the possibilities of bio-derived feedstock (i.e. bio-oil, vegetable oils) for FCC conversion has been studied [24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating the Process Variables and Products Involved in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking of Waste Feeds

Ji¹,

Hita²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Associating the most influential parameters with the product distribution is of uttermost importance in complex catalytic processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). These correlations can lead to the information-driven catalyst screening, kinetic modeling and reactor design. In this work, a dataset of 104 uncorrelated experiments, with 64 variables, has been obtained in an FCC simulator using 6 types of feedstock (vacuum gasoil, polyethylene pyrolysis waxes, scrap tire pyrolysis oil, dissolved polyethylene and blends of the previous), 36 possible sets of conditions (varying contact time, temperature and catalyst/oil ratio) and 3 industrial catalysts. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied over the dataset, showing that the main components are associated with feed composition (27.41% variance); operational conditions (19.09%) and catalyst properties (12.72%). The variables of each component have been correlated with the indexes and yields of the products: conversion, octane number, aromatics, olefins (propylene) or coke, among others.

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Synergy in the Cracking of a Blend of Bio-oil and Vacuum Gasoil under Fluid Catalytic Cracking Conditions

Cited by 75 publications

References 47 publications

Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Recent research progress on bio‐oil conversion into bio‐fuels and raw chemicals: a review

Correlating the Process Variables and Products Involved in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking of Waste Feeds

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