Synergy of steam reforming and K2CO3 modification on wood biomass pyrolysis

A potassium responsive numerical path to model catalytic torrefaction kinetics

“…Potassium is a well-known alkali catalyst in the thermal reactions of biomass [25]. Previous studies applied analytical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and its derivative (DTG), X-ray diffraction analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to extensively analyze the catalytic effects of potassium on biomass thermochemical conversion processes [24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…Past studies suggested that potassium impregnation can intensify biomass thermal degradation processes by catalytically influencing the decomposition and char conversion mechanisms [24,[26][27][28][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. In addition, the catalytic effect of biomass with higher potassium contents could allow shorter residence times in future torrefaction plants as well as lower temperatures to obtain the desired solid yield [24,26,32,34].…”