Synopsis of <b><i>Usnea</i></b> (lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Azores with additional information on the species in Macaronesia

Clerc, Philippe

doi:10.1017/s002428290600569x

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Werth et al () suggested that hosts can create a selective environment for the lichenicolous T. lobariacearum because, despite their wide geographic distribution, the same parasite haplotypes consistently associate with a given host species. Host‐specific lineages within Biatoropsis all grow on hosts that have rather distinct morphological and chemical characteristics compared to the original hosts (Calvelo et al ; Clerc ), supporting speciation in sympatry. In particular, A2 evolved host specificity on a different genus ( Protousnea ) after a host switch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOST SWITCHING PROMOTES DIVERSITY IN HOST-SPECIALIZED MYCOPARASITIC FUNGI: UNCOUPLED EVOLUTION IN THEBIATOROPSIS-USNEASYSTEM

et al. 2014

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Fungal mycoparasitism-fungi parasitizing other fungi-is a common lifestyle in some basal lineages of the basidiomycetes, particularly within the Tremellales. Relatively nonaggressive mycoparasitic fungi of this group are in general highly host specific, suggesting cospeciation as a plausible speciation mode in these associations. Species delimitation in the Tremellales is often challenging because morphological characters are scant. Host specificity is therefore a great aid to discriminate between species but appropriate species delimitation methods that account for actual diversity are needed to identify both specialist and generalist taxa and avoid inflating or underestimating diversity. We use the Biatoropsis-Usnea system to study factors inducing parasite diversification. We employ morphological, ecological, and molecular data-methods including genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) and the general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model-to assess the diversity of fungi currently assigned to Biatoropsis usnearum. The degree of cospeciation in this association is assessed with two cophylogeny analysis tools (ParaFit and Jane 4.0). Biatoropsis constitutes a species complex formed by at least seven different independent lineages and host switching is a prominent force driving speciation, particularly in host specialists. Combining ITS and nLSU is recommended as barcode system in tremellalean fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOST SWITCHING PROMOTES DIVERSITY IN HOST-SPECIALIZED MYCOPARASITIC FUNGI: UNCOUPLED EVOLUTION IN THEBIATOROPSIS-USNEASYSTEM

et al. 2014

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“…Usnea aff. silesiaca is very similar to Usnea silesiaca (Clerc 1991(Clerc , 2006(Clerc , 2007 sharing the extended black pigment and anulate base, the CMA value and the morphology of branches and segments. Also the variation of soralia characteristics is in the range of U. silesiaca.…”

Section: Rinodina Obscuramentioning

confidence: 72%

High lichen species richness in Polylepis australis forest: new records from South America and Argentina

Rodríguez¹,

Dominguez²,

Mayrhofer³

et al. 2020

Plant and Fungal Systematics

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The Polylepis australis forests in Central Argentina support a great biodiversity in a relative small area. As a result of this study focusing on the diversity and ecology of the lichen communities of these forests, we present five new species for South America: Rinodina ficta, R. malcolmii, R. obscura, Usnea glabrata, Tetramelas triphragmioides and eight taxa new for Argentina: Calicium abietinum, Erioderma leylandii subsp. leylandii, Leptogium microstictum, Phaeophyscia endococcinodes, Rinodina dolichospora, R. intermedia, Usnea cirrosa and U. flavocardia. Unidentified Usnea species, similar to U. silesiaca, were also characterized and discussed.

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“…As the last step, we combined the phylogenetic analysis with the phenotypic and chemical characters of the underlying samples using identification tools (Clerc 1987(Clerc , 2004(Clerc , 2006(Clerc , 2007Gerlach et al 2017Gerlach et al , 2019Gerlach et al , 2020Halonen 2000;Halonen et al 1998Halonen et al , 1999 ). Based on this approach, we arrived at the identifications presented and discussed below in the taxonomic section.…”

Section: Integrative Taxonomy and Comparison Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A potential name for this material is Usnea columbiana Motyka ex Räsänen which, despite its name, was described from Chile (Räsänen 1936). According to Clerc (2006), this is a shrubby species producing soredia, with a black base and with a salazinic acid chemistry. We were able to confirm the morphology of the latter by checking a digital image of the lectotype on JSTOR Global Plants [https://plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/ al.ap.specimen.h9500229].…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing DNA barcoding in Usnea (Parmeliaceae) in Colombia using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)

Moncada¹,

Sipman²,

Lücking³

2020

Plant and Fungal Systematics

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We tested the functionality of ITS-based DNA barcoding in lichen fungi using Colombian samples of the genus Usnea as an example. New ITS sequences were generated for 15 samples from five localities in two different ecoregions, representing varying morphologies and medullary chemistries. We employed five strategies to identify the samples: (1) BLASTn on the NCBI BLAST site with the original identifications of the best matching reference sequences; (2) as previous, but with revised identifications of the reference sequences based on a separately published revision of ITS sequences published for the genus; (3) local BLASTn in BioEdit using a separately published, revised and curated set of ITS reference sequences for the genus; (4) multiple alignment based phylogenetic analysis within the framework of all available ITS sequences for Usnea s.str.; and (5) integrative taxonomy, combining molecular phylogeny and comparative analysis of phenotype and chemical data. Using the latter approach as reference, we found that NCBI BLASTn with original identifications performed poorly, resulting in an identification success rate of only 7% (a single sample). NCBI BLASTn with revised identifications more than tripled identification success (23%), but was still unsatisfactory. Local BLASTn in BioEdit using the revised, curated reference data further doubled identification success (47%), but remained inadequate. Multiple alignment-based phylogenetic analysis achieved an identification success rate of 80% compared to the result from integrative taxonomy. Based on these results, we conclude that ITS-based DNA barcoding of the genus Usnea under the current circumstances performs poorly, but can be substantially improved using three strategies: (1) update identifications of reference sequences in primary repositories such as GenBank or alternatively use a curated reference data set; (2) perform local BLAST with a curated reference data set focusing on the target genus only, combined with multiple alignment-based phylogenetic analysis as a verification step; and (3) close substantial geographic and taxonomic gaps in the existing reference data. Our analyses suggest that if a near-complete reference data set with correct identifications existed for the genus, then standard BLAST approaches could achieve high levels of identification success close to 100%. As part of our DNA barcoding exercise, which generated the first 15 ITS sequences for Colombian samples of the genus Usnea, we confirm the presence of U. aranea and U. wasmuthii in Colombia and we report for the first time U. tenuicorticata for the country.

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Synopsis of Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Azores with additional information on the species in Macaronesia

Abstract: The genus Usnea is a conspicuous component of the macrolichen vegetation in

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

HOST SWITCHING PROMOTES DIVERSITY IN HOST-SPECIALIZED MYCOPARASITIC FUNGI: UNCOUPLED EVOLUTION IN THEBIATOROPSIS-USNEASYSTEM

HOST SWITCHING PROMOTES DIVERSITY IN HOST-SPECIALIZED MYCOPARASITIC FUNGI: UNCOUPLED EVOLUTION IN THEBIATOROPSIS-USNEASYSTEM

High lichen species richness in Polylepis australis forest: new records from South America and Argentina

Testing DNA barcoding in Usnea (Parmeliaceae) in Colombia using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)

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