Synopsis of ground-water and surface-water resources of North Dakota

Winter, Thomas C.; Benson, R.D.; Engberg, R.A.; Wiche, Gregg J.; Emerson, Douglas G.; Crosby, Orlo A.; Miller, Jeffrey E.

doi:10.3133/ofr84732

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The Spiritwood Valley is a 15–20 km wide buried bedrock valley in southern Manitoba that runs approximately northwest‐southeast near the towns of Killarney and Cartwright and extends 500 km from Manitoba, across North Dakota and into South Dakota (Winter et al ). The current study area extends from the Canada‐USA border to north‐west of Killarney within a till plain of little topographic relief (Fig.…”

Section: The Spiritwood Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne time‐domain electromagnetics, electrical resistivity and seismic reflection for regional three‐dimensional mapping and characterization of the Spiritwood Valley Aquifer, Manitoba, Canada

Oldenborger

Pugin

Pullan

2012

Near Surface Geophysics

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The Geological Survey of Canada commissioned a helicopter‐borne time‐domain electromagnetic (HTEM) survey over a 1062 km2 area of the Spiritwood Valley in southern Manitoba in order to test the effectiveness of airborne time‐domain electromagnetics for mapping and characterizing buried valley aquifers in the Canadian Prairies. The data exhibit rich information content and clearly indicate the broader Spiritwood Valley in addition to a continuous incised valley along the broader valley bottom. We detect complex valley morphology with nested scales of valleys including at least three distinct valley features and multiple possible tributaries. Conductivity‐depth images (CDI) derived from the HTEM decays indicate that the fill materials within the incised valleys are more resistive than the broader valley fill, consistent with an interpretation of sand and gravel. Comparison of ground‐based electrical resistivity and seismic reflection data allow for the evaluation of CDI models. Lateral spatial information is in excellent agreement between data sets. However, CDI results tend to underestimate the dynamic range of electrical conductivity while overestimating depths to valley bottoms; these issues may be associated with system limitations, algorithm limitations or differences between data types. The integrated data sets illustrate that HTEM surveys have the potential to map complicated buried valley aquifers at a level of detail required for groundwater prospecting, modelling and management.

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Section: The Spiritwood Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne time‐domain electromagnetics, electrical resistivity and seismic reflection for regional three‐dimensional mapping and characterization of the Spiritwood Valley Aquifer, Manitoba, Canada

Oldenborger

Pugin

Pullan

2012

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…The description of the environmental setting is based on a review of currently available information, and reports and data from Federal, State, local, and Canadian agencies. Much of the following description was derived from hydrologic reports by Maclay et al (1972), Miller and Frink (1984), Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins Commission (1972), and Winter et al (1984). There are many natural-resources studies conducted by Federal, regional, State, and local governments, universities, and the private sector that have been cited within the text of this report.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prairie potholes are small ponds surrounded by marshy borders that occupy closed basins and do not contribute runoff to streams. The Coteau du Missouri and Coteau des Prairie are steep areas with up to 500 [Modified from Maclay et al (1972) and Winter et at. (1984).…”

Section: Physical and Cultural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LaBaugh et al (1987) and Lissey (1971) showed that Ground-water flow in the flat areas of the Red in such areas of hummocky glacial till, local ground-River basin can be affected by deeper flow systems. water recharge can be focused in lowlands and that Winter et al (1984) suggest that flow in the glacial- Water-level hydrographs from wells completed in glacial-drift aquifers (Figure 19) show that levels typically fluctuate less that three feet per year. Annual water level changes indicate a pattern of sharp rises in April and May of each year with a gradual recession throughout the remainder of the year.…”

Section: Buried Aquifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of all of the available chemical data on water in the Red River basin is beyond the scope of this report. A general description of the occurrence and distribution of selected constituents is given based on summaries provided by Maclay et al (1972) for the Minnesota part of the basin and by Winter et al (1984) for the North Dakota part.…”

Section: Natural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RED RIVER OF THE NORTH BASIN, MINNESOTA, NORTH DAKOTA, AND SOUTH DAKOTA¹

Stoner¹,

Lorenz²,

Wiche³

et al. 1993

J American Water Resour Assoc

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: The environmental setting of the Red River of the North basin within the United States is diverse in ways that could significantly control the areal distribution and flow of water and, therefore, the distribution and concentration of constituents that affect water quality. Continental glaciers shaped a landscape of very flat lake plains near the center of the basin, and gently rolling uplands, lakes, and wetlands along the basin margins. The fertile, black, fine‐grained soils and landscape are conducive to agriculture. Productive cropland covers 66 percent of the land area. The principal crops are wheat, barley, soybeans, sunflowers, corn, and hay. Pasture, forests, open water, and wetlands comprise most of the remaining land area. About one‐third of the 1990 population (511,000) lives in the cities of Fargo and Grand Forks, North Dakota and Moorhead, Minnesota. The climate of the Red River of the North basin is continental and ranges from dry subhumid in the western part of the basin to subhumid in the eastern part. From its origin, the Red River of the North meanders northward for 394 miles to the Canadian border, a path that is nearly double the straight‐line distance. The Red River of the North normally receives over 75 percent of its annual flow from the eastern tributaries as a result of regional patterns of precipitation, evapotranspiration, soils, and topography. Most runoff occurs in spring and early summer as a result of rains falling on melting snow or heavy rains falling on saturated soils. Lakes, prairie potholes, and wetlands are abundant in most physiographic areas outside of the Red River Valley Lake Plain. Dams, drainage ditches, and wetlands alter the residence time of water, thereby affecting the amount of sediment, biota, and dissolved constituents carried by the water. Ground water available to wells, streams, and springs primarily comes from sand and gravel aquifers near land surface or buried within 100 to 300 feet of glacial drift that mantles the entire Red River of the North basin. Water moves through the system of bedrock and glacial‐drift aquifers in a regional flow system generally toward the Red River of the North and in complex local flow systems controlled by local topography. Many of the bedrock and glacial‐drift aquifers are hydraulically connected to streams in the region. The total water use in 1990, about 196 million gallons per day, was mostly for public supply and irrigation. Slightly more than one half of the water used comes from ground‐water sources compared to surface‐water sources. Most municipalities obtain their water from ground‐water sources. However, the largest cities (Fargo, Grand Forks and Moorhead) obtain most of their water from the Red River of the North. The types and relative amounts of various habitats change among the five primary ecological regions within the Red River of the North basin. Headwater tributaries are more diverse and tend to be similar to middle‐reach tributaries in character rather than the lower reaches of these tributaries for...

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Case Studies

2021

Electromagnetic Methods in Geophysics

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Synopsis of ground-water and surface-water resources of North Dakota

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Airborne time‐domain electromagnetics, electrical resistivity and seismic reflection for regional three‐dimensional mapping and characterization of the Spiritwood Valley Aquifer, Manitoba, Canada

Airborne time‐domain electromagnetics, electrical resistivity and seismic reflection for regional three‐dimensional mapping and characterization of the Spiritwood Valley Aquifer, Manitoba, Canada

RED RIVER OF THE NORTH BASIN, MINNESOTA, NORTH DAKOTA, AND SOUTH DAKOTA¹

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Synopsis of ground-water and surface-water resources of North Dakota

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Airborne time‐domain electromagnetics, electrical resistivity and seismic reflection for regional three‐dimensional mapping and characterization of the Spiritwood Valley Aquifer, Manitoba, Canada

Airborne time‐domain electromagnetics, electrical resistivity and seismic reflection for regional three‐dimensional mapping and characterization of the Spiritwood Valley Aquifer, Manitoba, Canada

RED RIVER OF THE NORTH BASIN, MINNESOTA, NORTH DAKOTA, AND SOUTH DAKOTA1

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RED RIVER OF THE NORTH BASIN, MINNESOTA, NORTH DAKOTA, AND SOUTH DAKOTA¹