Synoptic Meteorology: An Historical Review

Bergeron, Tor

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-5148-0_2

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the United Kingdom, Admiral Fitz Roy, founder of the Meteorological Office (Met Office), in 1854, produced synoptic forecasts (a term created by himself) for the general public since 1861 (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/ who/our-history). Fitz Roy was also known for being the commander of the HMS (Her/His Majesty's Ship) Beagle, when Charles Darwin made his voyage around the world between 1831 and 1836 (Bergeron 1981).…”

Section: The Earliest Times Of Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the period between 1855 and 1890, most of the world meteorological services were already organized and had as their main task the elaboration of the weather forecasting (Bergeron 1981). In the 1850s, Joseph Henry, first director of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington (USA) and also considered the father of the National Weather Service, produced a daily synoptic map indicating the weather conditions from the first network of meteorological stations linked by telegraph, which had already been invented by Samuel Morse and patented in 1838 (https://siarchives.si.edu/history/joseph-henry).…”

Section: The Earliest Times Of Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weather Forecasting in Brazil: A Concise Historical Review

Marques

Dereczynski

2021

Anu. Inst. Geoc.

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The main objective of this article is to describe the factors and issues responsible for the evolution of the weather forecast in Brazil.This is done based on a historical review of the formation and evolution of the national meteorological services in the last 170 yearsand on the development of weather forecasting methods. Changes in the routines of weather forecasting services in two centenaryBrazilian institutions, the National Institute of Meteorology and the Brazilian Navy, since the creation of the first subjective forecaststo the present day, are highlighted. Information about the 14 undergraduate courses in Meteorology in Brazil is given, which supportthe technological development of this science, through scientific research and training of human resources. The introduction ofmeteorological radar in the 1970s, and its current networks, as well as the elaboration of the first numerical weather predictions (NWP)by the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos do Instituto Nacionalde Pesquisas Espaciais – CPTEC/INPE), in 1995, are also described. To complement, a survey is presented, showing the currentworking conditions of weather forecasters. The survey results reveal that 45% of the 102 meteorologists interviewed use the CzechRepublic Windy application to prepare their weather forecasts operationally and almost 60% use the Wyoming University website toobtain data from radiosondes launched in Brazil. It is important to highlight that, since the introduction of NWP by CPTEC/INPE, at theend of the 1990s, there has been a great advance in the field of weather forecasting. Moreover, observational networks have undergonea great expansion, with a significant increase in the number of weather stations in recent decades. Despite all the progress achieved,there is still a need for the integration of observational networks and databases of various institutions. Finally, the development ofapplications that meet the demand of young meteorologists in the operational centers is advisable.

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Section: The Earliest Times Of Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Earliest Times Of Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%