Synovial Joint Study

Al-Atawi, Nawal Odah; Mashat, Daoud S.

doi:10.4236/ajcm.2022.121002

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Savitramma and Naduvinamani [30] studied the effects of surface roughness and poroelasticity on the micropolar squeeze film behavior between rectangular plates and discovered that the influence of surface roughness has significant implications on the synovial joint lubrication mechanism. Al Atawi et al [31] presented a synovial joint study recently and investigated the effect of different parameters such as the porosity and viscoelasticity of articular cartilages on the flow of steady convective diffusion in synovial joint by utilizing the finite volume method combined with the Beavers and Joseph conditions. Kumar et al [32] developed a mathematical model to examine the effect of magnetic fields on cartilaginous cells of synovial joint and nutrient flow to articular cartilage to establish the importance of cartilage nutrition in joint mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Significant Parameters on Squeeze Film Characteristics in Pathological Synovial Joints

et al. 2023

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Synovial joints are unique biological tribo-systems that allow for efficient mobility. Most of the synovial joint activities in the human body are accomplished due to the presence of synovial fluid. As a biological lubricant, synovial fluid lubricates the articular cartilage to minimize wear and friction. The key components of synovial fluid that give it its lubricating ability are lubricin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and surface-active phospholipids. Due to age and activities, synovial fluid and articular cartilages lose their properties, restricting synovial joint mobility and resulting in articular cartilage degradation, leading to the pathological synovial joint, which is a major cause of disability. In this context, synovial joint research remains significant. Even though synovial joint lubrication has been investigated, several problems linked to squeeze film lubrication need greater attention. The Newtonian model of squeeze film lubrication in synovial joints must be studied more extensively. This work aims to investigate squeeze film lubrication in diseased synovial joints. The lubrication and other properties of synovial fluid and the flow of synovial fluid in a diseased human knee joint are investigated theoretically in this work. We have investigated the effect of the synovial fluid viscosity and the effects of permeability and thickness of articular cartilage on squeeze film properties. Moreover, we have also investigated the effect of squeeze velocity and film thickness on the characteristics of the squeeze film formed between the articular cartilages of a diseased human knee joint. In this work, the articular cartilages were treated as a rough, porous material, and the geometry was approximated as parallel rectangular plates, while the synovial fluid flow is modeled as a viscous, incompressible, and Newtonian fluid. The modified Reynolds equation is obtained using the principles of hydrodynamic lubrication and continuum mechanics, and it is solved using the appropriate boundary conditions. The expressions for pressure distribution, load-bearing capacity, and squeezing time are then determined, and theoretical analysis for various parameters is conducted. Pressure is increased by squeeze velocity and viscosity, while it is decreased by permeability and film thickness, leading to an unhealthy knee joint and a reduction in knee joint mobility. The load capacity of the knee joint decreases with permeability and increases with viscosity and squeezing velocity, resulting in a reduction in the load-carrying capacity of the knee joint in diseased conditions. Synovial knee joint illness is indicated by increased pressure and squeeze time. The squeeze film properties of synovial joints are important for maintaining joint health and function. Joint diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout can affect the composition and production of synovial fluid, leading to changes in squeeze film properties and potentially causing joint damage and pain. Understanding these relationships can help in the development of effective treatments for joint diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Significant Parameters on Squeeze Film Characteristics in Pathological Synovial Joints

et al. 2023

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Elbow dimensions in quadrupedal mammals driven by lubrication regime

Marquez-Florez,

Arroyave-Tobon,

Tadrist

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Synovial joints, such as the elbow, experience different lubrication regimes, ranging from fluid film to boundary lubrication, depending on locomotion conditions. We explore the relationship between the elbow lubrication regime and the size of quadrupedal mammals. We use allometry to analyze the dimensions, contact stress, and sliding speed of the elbow in 110 quadrupedal mammals. Our results reveal that the average diameter and width of the distal humerus are scaled $$\propto M^{0.35}$$ ∝ M 0.35 , which allowed us to estimate a consistent contact pressure and sliding speed across mammals. This consistency likely promotes fluid film lubrication regardless of body mass. Further, the ratio between the diameter and width is about 0.5 for all analyzed taxa, which is a good compromise between loading capacity and size. Our study deepens our understanding of synovial joints and their adaptations, with implications for the development of treatments, prostheses, and bioinspired joint designs.

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Synovial Joint Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of Significant Parameters on Squeeze Film Characteristics in Pathological Synovial Joints

Effect of Significant Parameters on Squeeze Film Characteristics in Pathological Synovial Joints

Elbow dimensions in quadrupedal mammals driven by lubrication regime

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