Synovial Sarcoma: Imaging Features of Common and Uncommon Primary Sites, Metastatic Patterns, and Treatment Response

Bakri, Amit; Shinagare, Atul B.; Krajewski, Katherine M.; Howard, Stephanie A.; Jagannathan, Jyothi P.; Hornick, Jason L.; Ramaiya, Nikhil H.

doi:10.2214/ajr.11.8039

Cited by 101 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

104

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The most common location is lower extremities, specifically popliteal fossa. SS can be occasionally present in the intraarticular region (27,28).…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT shows a soft tissue mass that contains necrosis, hemorrhagic areas, and punctate or peripheral calcifications (27).…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI shows an arterial phase enhancement as a result of the malignant features. Also, Standardized uptake values (SUV) higher than 4.4 on the positron emission tomography (PET CT) is an evidence of higher cellularity, mitotic rate, and poor prognosis (27).…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A long-term follow-up is required because 50% of deaths occur within 5-10 years after diagnosis. Both early and late metastases are more frequent than any other sarcomas (27). Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is an effective treatment methods.…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is an effective treatment methods. Imaging is useful in follow-up and assessing the response to the treatment (27).…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Basic radiological assessment of synovial diseases: a pictorial essay

Turan¹,

Celtikci²,

Tufan³

et al. 2017

Eur J Rheumatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe synovium is a thin specialized membrane lining the diarthrodial joint surfaces, bursae, and tendon sheaths. Synovium coats the inner surface of the fibrous joint capsule, fat pads, and intraarticular ligaments. Other intraarticular structures such as the articular cartilage, menisci, labra, and small bone bare area are not covered by the synovium (1, 2). The synovium provides nutrition and lubrication to the joint cartilage by fluid secretion (3).Synovial diseases are classified as inflammatory, infectious, degenerative, traumatic, hemorrhagic, and neoplastic. There are also tumor-like conditions such as pigmented villonodular synovitis, nodular synovitis, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, synovial chondromatosis/osteochondromatosis, and lipoma arborescens (1, 3).Damage in other intraarticular structures, particularly cartilages, generally occurs as a consequence of pathologic processes involving the synovium, leading to irreversible joint destruction (4). Imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection of synovial diseases prior to the occurrence of irreversible joint damage. Plain radiography, ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are utilized in the diagnosis and follow-up of synovial diseases. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI is the best tool to diagnose synovial disorders (1, 3).MRI findings of synovial diseases include thickening of the synovium, hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI) due to water accumulation, and prominent contrast enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images (T1WI). Because of the high soft-tissue contrast resolution of MRI, besides synovitis diagnosis, joint effusion, articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, muscles, and juxtaarticular soft tissues can be evaluated (5). Herein, each of these synovial diseases were explained in detail. Rheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint-based chronic, progressively destructive inflammatory systemic disease. Synovial hypertrophy occurs initially, and locally invasive behavior causes cartilage destruction and bone erosions. RA proceeds progressively, ultimately causing multiple deformities. All synovial joints can be affected; however, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are the most frequently involved ones. Bilateral and symmetric involvement is a rule and atlantoaxial joint particularly involved in the spine (6, 7). RA also has extraarticular musculoskeletal manifestations such as rheumatoid nodules, enthesopathy, bursitis, tenosynovitis, and tendon rupture.Radiographs show typical findings such as soft-tissue swelling, marginal erosions, periarticular osteopenia, joint space narrowing, and joint subluxation. Besides bone alterations, this imaging modality is unable to display synovitis at an early stage. Identification of early changes facilitate the prevention of joint damage The synovium is a specialized tissue lining the synovial joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths of the body. It is affected by various localized or systemic disorders. Syn...

show abstract

“…The most common location is lower extremities, specifically popliteal fossa. SS can be occasionally present in the intraarticular region (27,28).…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT shows a soft tissue mass that contains necrosis, hemorrhagic areas, and punctate or peripheral calcifications (27).…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is an effective treatment methods. Imaging is useful in follow-up and assessing the response to the treatment (27).…”

Section: Synovial Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations