Abstract:Die chiralen cis-und trans-Azoverbindungen 8 ad und 9ad mit para-bzw. ortho-standigen chiralen Seitenketten sowie die trans-Azoxyderivate 17a -d und 18ad werden synthetisiert. Die Asymmetriezentren befinden sich an den C-Atomen 1, 2, 3 oder 4 der Seitenketten. Der EinfluR sowohl der Molekulgeometrie als auch der Entfernung des chiralen Zentrums vom aromatischen Kern auf den Drehsinn und die GanghUhe induzierter cholesterischer Phasen wird untersucht. Bei den cis-Azoverbindungen 9 c und d treten Atropisomere au… Show more
“…With two exceptions, [14,15] in which azobenzene photochromism was combined with the axial chirality of binaphthyl, the few cases that have been investigated have dealt with azobenzenes with more or less traditional pendant groups with central chirality attached in various positions; [16,17] these compounds are characterised by low-to-medium twisting powers. Very recently Kato and co-workers reported a photoresponsive chiral gelator based on 1,2-bis(acylamino)cyclohexane.…”
A few chiral azo compounds, which undergo reversible photochemical switching, are presented. Of these, the most interesting contain the binaphthyl moiety and belong to the C2 (derivatives 1 and 2) or C1 symmetry group (derivatives 3 and 4). These binaphthyl compounds display intense CD and high beta values. Photochemical switching has profound effects on both the CD and beta values of these compounds; in the case of compound 3, the sign of beta changes upon isomerisation. Compound 2 has, to our knowledge, the highest beta of the switches reported in the literature and also seems the most interesting owing to its fast response to photochemical stimuli. Nematic phases can be transformed into cholesteric phases with reflection bands in the visible region by doping with reasonable amounts of 1 and 2. The reflection colours can be changed reversibly by photoisomerisation of the switches. Thermal reversion of the colourless UV photostationary state to the green isomeric EE state or to intermediate coloured states is temperature dependent. This can allow the thermal history of a sample to be traced.
“…With two exceptions, [14,15] in which azobenzene photochromism was combined with the axial chirality of binaphthyl, the few cases that have been investigated have dealt with azobenzenes with more or less traditional pendant groups with central chirality attached in various positions; [16,17] these compounds are characterised by low-to-medium twisting powers. Very recently Kato and co-workers reported a photoresponsive chiral gelator based on 1,2-bis(acylamino)cyclohexane.…”
A few chiral azo compounds, which undergo reversible photochemical switching, are presented. Of these, the most interesting contain the binaphthyl moiety and belong to the C2 (derivatives 1 and 2) or C1 symmetry group (derivatives 3 and 4). These binaphthyl compounds display intense CD and high beta values. Photochemical switching has profound effects on both the CD and beta values of these compounds; in the case of compound 3, the sign of beta changes upon isomerisation. Compound 2 has, to our knowledge, the highest beta of the switches reported in the literature and also seems the most interesting owing to its fast response to photochemical stimuli. Nematic phases can be transformed into cholesteric phases with reflection bands in the visible region by doping with reasonable amounts of 1 and 2. The reflection colours can be changed reversibly by photoisomerisation of the switches. Thermal reversion of the colourless UV photostationary state to the green isomeric EE state or to intermediate coloured states is temperature dependent. This can allow the thermal history of a sample to be traced.
“…Typical examples of chiral azobenzenes are (R)-4-(2-methylbutyl)-4 -substituted azobenzenes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), which appeared with the emergence of synthetic methods that allowed the preparation of chiral precursors, such as (+)-2-methylbutylbenzene [104][105][106][107]. In the case of compound 4, the presence of two chiral terminal moieties was found to increase the helical twisting power (β) by a factor of two [104].…”
Section: Type I Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals 13mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both the compounds 2 and 3 show enantiotropic chiral nematic phases, which have relatively low clearing points, unlike compounds 1 and 4, which are not liquid-crystalline. The azo group may be oxidized further, usually with a peracid such as 3-chloroperbenzoic acid, to give azoxy linked materials; examples include compounds 6-8, which are shown below [104,107,108], but only compounds 6 and 8 show chiral nematic phases. Although some good selectivities are reported, the oxidation of unsymmetrically substituted azocompounds (e.g., 1-3) usually yield a mixture of regioisomers, depending on the nature of the substituents of the starting azo compound and the reaction conditions.…”
Section: Type I Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals 13mentioning
The article contains sections titled:
Introduction to the Chiral Nematic Phase and Its Properties
Formulation and Application of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Mixtures
Applications of Chiral Nematic Phases
Classification of Chiral Nematic Liquid‐Crystalline Compounds
Aspects of Molecular Symmetry for Chiral Nematic Phases
Type
I
Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals
Azobenzenes and Related Mesogens
Azomethine (
S
chiff's Base) Mesogens
Stable Phenyl, Biphenyl, Terphenyl, and Phenylethylbiphenyl Mesogens
Ester Mesogens
Derivatives of Chiral Alcohols
Type
II
Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals
Type
IIa
Twin Systems Using Chiral Flexible Spacers
Type
IIb
Materials Using Achiral Flexible Spacers and Chiral Terminal Groups
Type
IIc
and
d
Materials Using One or Two Chiral Cores
Type
III
Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals
Cholesteryl Esters
Chiral Mesogens Derived from Cyclohexane
Chiral Heterocyclic Mesogens
Axially Chiral Liquid Crystals
Axially Chiral Alkenes and Overcrowded Alkenes
Allenes
Tricyclo[4.4.0.0
3,8
]decane or Twistane Derived Mesogens
Sterically Hindered Biphenyl Derivatives
Spirobiindane Derivatives
Concluding Remarks
Alcohols Q 0230Direct β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by a Cp*Ir Complex. -The reaction proceeds in the presence of a base to give β-alkylated higher alcohols in good to excellent yields. No hydrogen acceptor or donor is required. In most cases, the corresponding ketones are observed as by-products. -(FUJITA*, K.-I.; ASAI, C.; YAMAGUCHI, T.; HANASAKA, F.; YAMAGUCHI, R.; Org. Lett. 7 (2005) 18, 4017-4019; Grad. Sch. Hum. Environ. Stud., Kyoto Univ., Yoshida, Kyoto 606, Japan; Eng.) -R. Steudel 01-086
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