Synthèse des tolérances thermiques des principales espèces de poissons des rivières et fleuves de plaine de l’ouest européen

Abstract

Résumé -L'effet de l'élévation de la température des cours d'eau sur le milieu aquatique a été largement débattu à la fin des années 70 qui ont vu le développement des centrales thermiques de grande puissance. Ces études ont généré de nombreux programmes de recherche sur le sujet. Le réchauffement climatique actuel et en particulier l'épisode caniculaire de 2003 a mis de nouveau ce thème sur le devant de la scène. Le travail de synthèse présenté a consisté à analyser des données historiques et contemporaines présentes dans la littérature, afin de mettre à jour les connaissances de base sur les tolérances thermiques de 19 espèces de poissons d'eau douce. Cette synthèse a ensuite été validée et complétée par des spécialistes européens. Elle s'est appuyée sur plus de 300 références qui détaillent les tolérances thermiques de chacun des stades du cycle de vie des espèces étudiées : la reproduction, les stades embryonnaire, larvaire, juvénile et adulte. Cette mise à jour est essentielle pour comprendre les tendances d'évolution déjà constatées des communautés de poissons et prévoir les futures évolutions selon les scénarios de changement climatique. Mots clés -poissons, température, tolérance thermique, réchauffementAbstract -The industrial cooling water effects on fish communities were widely debated at the end of the seventies, as large thermal power plants were being developed. This has generated numerous research programs on thermal fish tolerances. The recent warming period and especially the 2003 heat-wave event have placed again the thermal biology at the front of the scene. The work presented has consisted in analyzing historical and contemporary literature to update the basic knowledge on thermal tolerances of 19 riverine fish species. These data were validated and completed by European fish specialists. We finally proposed a synthesis, based on more than 300 references, which detailed thermal tolerances for the entire cycle life: reproduction, embryonic, larval, juvenile and adult life stages. We think that the updated material is of great importance to understand observed trends in fish communities or to forecast future behaviors in scenarios of climate changes.

Modelling the habitat requirement of riverine fish species at the European scale: sensitivity to temperature and precipitation and associated uncertainty

“…According to their thermal optima, the 21 species are distributed along the entire TJUL gradient (15.4-21.9°C). These optima are not comparable with those in the literature because the latter were estimated in laboratory conditions (Jobling 1981;Mann 1996;Küttel et al 2002;Tissot & Souchon 2010).…”

“…These optima are not comparable with those in the literature because the latter were estimated in laboratory conditions (Jobling 1981;Mann 1996;Küttel et al 2002;Tissot & Souchon 2010). These optima are not comparable with those in the literature because the latter were estimated in laboratory conditions (Jobling 1981;Mann 1996;Küttel et al 2002;Tissot & Souchon 2010).…”

Time trends in fish populations in metropolitan France: insights from national monitoring data

“…spawning, hatching and growth) and the location of the population and the potential existence of local adaptation. Despite some important literature reviews (Télétchea et al , 2007; Tissot & Souchon, 2010), there is a lack of pertinent information on many species, and present understanding may be incomplete. Another explanation for some taxa comes from the existence of cryptic species with different ecological requirements.…”

Spatial synchrony in stream fish populations: influence of species traits

“…To test our hypotheses regarding the different morphological, physiological, life‐history, and behavioral characteristics of the 27 fish species studied, we used values for 15 different traits (Supplementary material Appendix 1, Table A1) taken from the literature (Buisson and Grenouillet , Keith et al , Tissot and Souchon ), from FishBase (Froese and Pauly ), and from expert knowledge. We chose these traits for their diversity, the fact they could be expressed numerically or ordered hierarchically, and the likelihood that values would be obtained for most of the species.…”