Syntheses and Characterization of Four Phosphaphenanthrene and Phosphazene-based Flame Retardants

Abstract

Four novel intumescent flame retardants containing phosphaphenanthrene and phosphazene groups were synthesized by using the classic Atherton-Todd reaction and Kabachnik-Fields reactions. 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was firstly reacted with hexa-aminophenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene (compound 2) in the presence of carbon tetrachloride and triethylamine (Atherton-Todd reaction) to obtain hexa-(phosphaphenanthrene-anmino-phenoxyl)-cyclotriphosphazene (compound 3). Moreover, the condensation of hexa-aminophenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene with formaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde respectively, followed by the addition of DOPO of compounds 3-6 were determined by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. A preliminary investigation on compound 5 as a flame retardant for PLA has been carried out, and the result shows that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PLA sample can reach up to 30% at the presence of only 5% compound 5.

Recent developments in P(O/S)–N containing flame retardants

“…[136][137][138][139] A series of phosphazene and phosphaphenanthrene derivatives (94)(95)(96)(97) Polycarbonates Polycarbonate (PC) is extensively applied in the electronics, construction, and automotive industries because of its outstanding properties such as stiffness, good hardness, transparency, impact strength, thermal stability, and dimensional stability. [136][137][138][139] A series of phosphazene and phosphaphenanthrene derivatives (94)(95)(96)(97) Polycarbonates Polycarbonate (PC) is extensively applied in the electronics, construction, and automotive industries because of its outstanding properties such as stiffness, good hardness, transparency, impact strength, thermal stability, and dimensional stability.…”

Synthesis, structural and thermal characterizations, dielectric properties and in vitro cytotoxic activities of new 2,2,4,4-tetra(4′-oxy-substituted-chalcone)-6,6-diphenylcyclotriphosphazene derivatives

“…Due to the reactivity of P-Cl bond within the structures of phosphazene compounds, the type of the organic or inorganic groups bonded as a side-group alter the physical, biological, and chemical properties of these compounds. The cyclo or poly phosphazene derivatives containing organic, inorganic or organometallic side-groups have many potential applications such as dielectric , liquid crystalline (Bao et al 2010), chemosensor (Şenkuytu et al 2015), littium-ion batteries (Xia et al 2015), fire-retardant material (Jiang et al 2014;Zhao et al 2016), optic material (Rojo et al 2000), antibacterial, and antitumor properties (Brandt et al 2001;Siwy et al 2006;Ozay et al 2010;Görgülü et al 2015;Akbaş et al 2016).…”

Flame Resistance of Polylactic Acid With Cyclophosphazene Derivative and NiAl Layered Double Hydroxide Doped Zn

“…When the mass ratio of SPB‐100/EG was 1:1 and the total loading of flame retardants was 15 wt%, UL‐94 V0 rating without dripping and a high LOI value of 34.5% were obtained. Hexa‐(phosphaphenanthrene‐methyl‐( o ‐hydroxybenzal)‐amino‐phenoxyl)‐cyclotriphosphazene was synthesized by Jiang et al and it was used to flame retardant PLA. LOI of PLA sample could reach up to 30% in the presence of only 5% cyclophosphazene compound.…”