“…In many structures, isolated pancake-bonded dimers (which form no stacking interaction with neighbouring molecules) are present (Keller et al, 1981;Harms et al, 1982;Abashev et al, 1987;Miller et al, 1987;O'Hare et al, 1990;Stein et al, 1991;Grossel & Weston, 1992;Chen et al, 2008;Sutton et al, 2016;Park et al, 2018). Sometimes the dimers form 1D stacks similar to those of semiquinones (Hoekstra et al, 1972;Ashwell et al, 1975aAshwell et al, , 1977aBosch & Bodegom, 1977;Endres et al, 1978,b;Diezt et al, 1981;Konno & Saito, 1981;Waclawek et al, 1983;Visser et al, 1990a,b,c,d,e;Magonov et al, 1991;Ballester et al, 1997;Moore et al, 2001;Mukai et al, 2001;Nishimura et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2008;Qu et al, 2011;Martin et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2017;U ¨ngo ¨r et al, 2021a), but also planar 2D arrays have been described (Ashwell et al, 1982(Ashwell et al, , 1983Bryce et al, 1988;Brook & Koch, 1997;Radva ´kova ´et al, 2010;Qu et al, 2011); in some of these structures the formal charge (i.e. charge derived from stoichiometry) of TCNQ is À1/2 (Ashwell et al, 1977a(Ashwell et al, , 1982.…”