Syntheses of partially protected d-galactopyranosylthioureas: New d-galactopyranosylimidazoline-2-thiones and d-galactopyranosylaminothiazoles

Additive manufacturing techniques for the production of tissue engineering constructs

“…This system was successfully employed to produce PCL scaffolds with different pore sizes and architectures, showing that it is possible to control scaffold porosity by varying different processing parameters, such as screw rotation velocity and deposition velocity (Figure 4g, h) (Domingos et al, 2009(Domingos et al, , 2010. The Bioextruder was recently combined with an electrospinning technique in order to develop a dual-scale structure, coupling the mechanical strength and structural reproducibility of 3D microfilament constructs, fabricated by AM to the advantage of electrospun ultrafine fibres in enhancing cell interaction with polymeric materials (Mota et al, 2011). PLGA electrospun fibres collected between adjacent PCL microfilaments offered a structural bridging for cell mobility and interaction, leading to cell colonization of the inter-filament gap ( Figure 5).…”

“…A broad variety of biomaterials have been tested for TE scaffolds, ranging from natural polymers showing biological cues suited to promote desirable cell responses, to synthetic polymers with more controllable physicochemical, mechanical and processing properties (Place et al, 2009;Puppi et al, 2010a). Recent evidence suggests that, besides material chemistry, scaffold micro-and nanostructural features affect cell adhesion, spreading, growth, propagation and reorganization Karageorgiou and Kaplan, 2005;Stevens and George, 2005;Puppi et al, 2010b;Mota et al, 2011). Depending on scaffolding material and TE strategy, different processing techniques and methodologies have been proposed to optimize final scaffold performances in terms of external shape and size, surface morphology and internal architecture.…”