Two new 3, 5-heptanedione (β-diketonate) dysprosium complexes, namely, [Dy(L) 3 (phen)] (1) and [Dy(L) 3 (tmphen)] (2), have been designed and isolated by reactions of 3, 5-heptanedione with dysprosium chloride and auxiliary ligand under room temperature (L = 3, 5-heptanedione, phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline, tmphen = 3, 4, 7, 8-tetramethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline). Xray crystallographic analysis reveals that complexes 1 and 2 are mononuclear, and the Dy(III) ions are eight coordinated forming the square-anti-prismatic geometry. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by various means including elemental analysis, IR and UV spectroscopy. Magnetic studies indicate that both complexes 1 and 2 are single-molecule magnets (SMMs) under zero dc field. Notably, the auxiliary ligand plays an essential role in regulating their magnetism, which result in the essential magnetism difference between complexes 1 and 2.[a] S. Figure 8. The calculated easy axis (green line) of complexes 1 (left) and 2 (right) by Magellan software. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity.