Synthesis and 3D Printing of Conducting Alginate–Polypyrrole Ionomers

Wright, Cassandra; Molino, Binbin Zhang; Chung, Johnson; Pannell, J.; Kuester, Melissa; Molino, Paul J.; Hanks, Timothy W.

doi:10.3390/gels6020013

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The films made from compositions with concentrations higher than 2 ml of PPy were fragile, so they were broken to pieces during the drying process or within evaluation of their surfaces by four-point probe. These results were consistent with previous studies in which showed more PPy concentration more fragility of film 10 , 21 , 22 . As a result, the composite ratio 2:10 was chosen which provides a suitable mechanical property and electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Alginate-based scaffolds were also used as an appropriate substrate for construction of conductive scaffolds based on pyrrole monomers using electrostatic interactions between carboxylate moieties of alginate and positively charged PPy 16 . Several studies have designed alginate-pyrrole based scaffolds or hydrogels with electrical properties for neural tissue engineering [21][22][23] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of nanochitosan incorporated polypyrrole/alginate conducting scaffold for neural tissue engineering

Manzari-Tavakoli

Tarasi

Sedghi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The utilization of conductive polymers for fabrication of neural scaffolds have attracted much interest because of providing a microenvironment which can imitate nerve tissues. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy)–alginate (Alg) composites were prepared using different percentages of alginate and pyrrole by oxidative polymerization method using FeCl3 as an oxidant and electrical conductivity of composites were measured by four probe method. In addition, chitosan-based nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation method and after characterization merged into PPy–Alg composite in order to fabricate a conductive, hydrophilic, processable and stable scaffold. Physiochemical characterization of nanochitosan/PPy–Alg scaffold such as electrical conductivity, porosity, swelling and degradation was investigated. Moreover, cytotoxicity and proliferation were examined by culturing OLN-93 neural and human dermal fibroblasts cells on the Nanochitosan/PPy–Alg scaffold. Due to the high conductivity, the film with ratio 2:10 (PPy–Alg) was recognized more suitable for fabrication of the final scaffold. Results from FT-IR and SEM, evaluation of porosity, swelling and degradation, as well as viability and proliferation of OLN-93 neural and fibroblast cells confirmed cytocompatiblity of the Nanochitosan/PPy–Alg scaffold. Based on the features of the constructed scaffold, Nanochitosan/PPy–Alg scaffold can be a proper candidate for neural tissue engineering.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

Fabrication of nanochitosan incorporated polypyrrole/alginate conducting scaffold for neural tissue engineering

Manzari-Tavakoli

Tarasi

Sedghi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…[ 101,104 ] While initial cell adhesion and survival was shown for PC‐12 cells, [ 101,104 ] the addition of gelatin in our study as a main hydrogel‐ink component, subsequently crosslinked by a transglutaminase, showed significantly increased cell‐material interaction and growth in comparison to this previous work (Figure 5). [ 101,104 ] In comparison to hyaluronic acid‐PPy hydrogels which have been prepared with electrical conductivities of up to 0.73 S m −1 and cytocompatibility with respect for NIH‐3T3 fibroblast cells, [ 82 ] the hydrogels in our study showed increased cell‐material interaction, mostly associated to the presence of gelatin, as well as conductivities in a similar range of up to ≈1.6 S m −1 at high frequencies and >1 S m −1 in DC measurements. In addition, our hydrogels show 3D‐printability, which may be an advantage over previously introduced PPy‐X systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…ALG‐PPy hydrogel has recently been engineered to allow 3D‐printability for direct extrusion after PPy in situ formation. [ 101 ] However, as ALG lacks controlled degradation as well as binding sites for cell‐interaction, [ 98 ] we introduce ADA‐GEL‐PPy, with its main advantages of higher degradation and cell attachment potential provided by ADA‐GEL [ 98 ] in comparison to pristine ALG‐based PPy combinations. The degradation of the hydrogels could be tuned by reducing transglutaminase content in the crosslinking step, [ 55 ] which dictates the degradation behavior, as ADA‐GEL‐PPy showed similar swelling and degradation as the ADA‐GEL reference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Conductive and 3D‐Printable Oxidized Alginate‐Gelatin Polypyrrole:PSS Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

Distler

Polley

Shi

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Electroactive hydrogels can be used to influence cell response and maturation by electrical stimulation. However, hydrogel formulations which are 3D printable, electroactive, cytocompatible, and allow cell adhesion, remain a challenge in the design of such stimuli‐responsive biomaterials for tissue engineering. Here, a combination of pyrrole with a high gelatin‐content oxidized alginate‐gelatin (ADA‐GEL) hydrogel is reported, offering 3D‐printability of hydrogel precursors to prepare cytocompatible and electrically conductive hydrogel scaffolds. By oxidation of pyrrole, electroactive polypyrrole:polystyrenesulfonate (PPy:PSS) is synthesized inside the ADA‐GEL matrix. The hydrogels are assessed regarding their electrical/mechanical properties, 3D‐printability, and cytocompatibility. It is possible to prepare open‐porous scaffolds via bioplotting which are electrically conductive and have a higher cell seeding efficiency in scaffold depth in comparison to flat 2D hydrogels, which is confirmed via multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. The formation of an interpenetrating polypyrrole matrix in the hydrogel matrix increases the conductivity and stiffness of the hydrogels, maintaining the capacity of the gels to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The results demonstrate that a 3D‐printable ADA‐GEL can be rendered conductive (ADA‐GEL‐PPy:PSS), and that such hydrogel formulations have promise for cell therapies, in vitro cell culture, and electrical‐stimulation assisted tissue engineering.

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“…The atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization has different advantages, such as it works at room temperature waterless process and little-cost habitual continuance. This method is appropriate for using many types of substrates without being damaged by heat on these slides [6][7][8]. The characteristics of prepared polypyrrole thin films by plasma jet system could be superior with high deposition rate thanks to most favorable discharge gas flow rate [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying of Plasma- Polymerized Pyrrole at Variable Gas Flow Rates Via Plasma Jet

Kadhem

2021

IJP

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In this manuscript has investigated the synthesis of plasma-polymerized pyrrole (C4H5N) nano-particles prepared by the proposed atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasma jet through the parametric studies, particularly gas flow rate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 L/min). The plasma jet which used operates with alternating voltage 7.5kv and frequency 28kHz. The plasma-flow characteristics were investigated based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES). UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to characterize the oxidization state for polypyrrole. The major absorption appears around 464.1, 449.7 and 435.3 nm at the three flow rate of argon gas. The chemical composition and structural properties of the contained samples which synthesized at 0.5 L/min as a argon flow rate were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diﬀraction (XRD). SEM point to a uniform distribution of polypyrrole (PPY) nanoparticles matrix. XRD technique showed a semicrystalline pattern for PPY)thin film. It is expected, that the high-quality plasma polymer grown by atmospheric pressure plasma jet method contributes to serving as conducting materials.

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Synthesis and 3D Printing of Conducting Alginate–Polypyrrole Ionomers

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Fabrication of nanochitosan incorporated polypyrrole/alginate conducting scaffold for neural tissue engineering

Fabrication of nanochitosan incorporated polypyrrole/alginate conducting scaffold for neural tissue engineering

Electrically Conductive and 3D‐Printable Oxidized Alginate‐Gelatin Polypyrrole:PSS Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

Studying of Plasma- Polymerized Pyrrole at Variable Gas Flow Rates Via Plasma Jet

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