A series of twenty substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives were prepared and characterized by TLC, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. These were screened for insecticidal activity by the film residue method against the pulse beetle (adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis). 4-(2Ј-Chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (LC 50 0.00201 mg/cm 2 ), 4-(2Ј-chlorophenyl)-6-p- Many of these have been proved to be herbicides 31,32) and fungicides. 33,34) In view of the wide range of biological activities observed in pyrimidine derivatives, it was aimed to test their insecticidal activities. In this paper we report the synthesis, characterization and insecticidal activity of a series of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H )-thione derivatives. The compounds were tested against the pulse beetle (adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis) taking organophosphate (OP) insecticide dichlorvos 35) as standard test compounds to search for a new compound having insecticidal activity.
Materials and Methods
Instruments and reagentsAll the chemicals used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (India). Reactions were monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on precoated Merck silica gel 60F 254 (India), the spots were visualized either by UV or by iodine vapor and were further purified by column chromatography (60-120 mesh). Melting points were determined on a melting point apparatus. Infra Red (IR) spectra were recorded on a PerkinElmer model 2000 FT-IR spectrophotometer (UK) as KBr pellets, and values are expressed as n˜(cm Ϫ1 ). The 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer (Germany) using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. The chemical shift was recorded on a d scale. Elemental analysis was performed using a EURO elemental analyzer (Italy), and the data of C, H and N were within 0.4% of the calculated values.
Chemical synthesis 2.1 General procedure for the preparation of 4,6-diphenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione derivativesA mixture of chalcone (0.001 mol), thiourea (0.001 mol) and KOH (6.5 g) in 25 mL methanol was refluxed for 3 hr. Completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (hexane : ethyl acetate, 7 : 3 v/v). The reaction product was concentrated and cooled; and the precipitate was filtered off and recrystallized