A series of 3-aryl-4-pyrrolyl-maleimides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitory activity. Most compounds exhibited potent activity against GSK-3β. Among them, compounds 11a, 11c, 11h, 11i, and 11j significantly reduced Aβ-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation, showing the inhibition of GSK-3β at the cellular level. Structure-activity relationships were discussed based on the experimental data obtained.