Synthesis and antioxidant activity of thymol and carvacrol based Schiff bases

Beena,; Kumar, Deepak; Rawat, Diwan S.

doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.001

Cited by 127 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…CAR has shown anti-tumorigenic activity in hepatocellular carcinoma, both in vitro and in vi o [33,34]. Additional anti-in ammatory and antitumor activities of CAR have been reported [16,[18][19][20][21]. Jayakumar et al [33] showed that CAR pretreatment had protective e ect against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports have indicated that CAR exhibits antiin ammatory [15], anti-microbial [16] and anti-viral activities [17]. Anti-carcinogenic and anti-tumorigenic activity [16,18], and antioxidant properties [19][20][21] have also been attributed to CAR. A recent study conducted in rats demonstrated that CAR was not hepatotoxic at the applied dosage and, in fact, protected against ischemia/reperfusion-associated damage to the liver [22].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carvacrol prevents methotrexate-induced renal oxidative injury and renal damage in rats

Bozkurt¹,

Em²,

Oktayoğlu³

et al. 2014

CIM

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TurkeyCarvacrol prevents methotrexateinduced renal oxidative injury and renal damage in rats AbstractPurpose: e purpose of this study was to investigate the e ect of carvacrol (CAR) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced renal damage in rats.Methods: Twenty-four male rats were equally divided into three groups: group I, control treatment; group II, MTX-treated; and group III, MTX+CAR-treated. A single dose of CAR (73 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to group III on the rst day of the experiment and a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to groups II and III on the second day of the experiment. Blood samples and kidney tissue were obtained from each animal on day 8 for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Light microscopy was used for histopathological examination of kidney specimens.Results: MDA, TOS and OSI levels were signi cantly greater in the group receiving MTX alone relative to the control animals, while the TAS level was signi cantly reduced in the MTX group compared with the control group. e administration of CAR was associated with signi cantly decreased MDA, TOS, and OSI levels and increased TAS levels relative to the rats treated with MTX alone. Animals treated with CAR exhibited decreased tubular degeneration and architectural impairment relative to animals treated with MTX alone; however, the di erence in histological scores did not meet the threshold of statistical signi cance. e folic acid antagonist methotrexate (MTX) is used clinically to inhibit the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines [1]. MTX is commonly used at high doses to limit the growth of malignancies, but may also be used at low doses in in ammatory diseases, including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, to inhibit the proliferation of in ammatory leukocytes [2][3][4]. MTX remains an essential component of modern clinical therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is the primary treatment for malignant gestational trophoblastic disease [5]. In addition to anti-proliferative activity, MTX has antiin ammatory and immunomodulatory properties; however, cytotoxic e ects and other side e ects limit the e cacy of MTX as an anti-in ammatory. Signi cant side e ects of MTX have been described in several organ systems. In particular, MTX has a detrimental e ect on kidney function [6]; however, the mechanism of MTX-induced toxicity remains unclear. More than 90% of MTX is ltered by the kidneys [7] and MTX treatment is known to cause renal failure at high doses [8]. Renal impairment can result in altered metabolism of MTX, delayed drug excretion and, subsequently, systemic toxicity. e toxic e ects of MTX are typically treated through hydration and alkalinization of the patient; however, these methods are insu cient to prevent all instances of MTX toxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MTX-induced renal damage [9,10]. MTX produces free oxygen radicals, resulting in enhanced li...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carvacrol prevents methotrexate-induced renal oxidative injury and renal damage in rats

Bozkurt¹,

Em²,

Oktayoğlu³

et al. 2014

CIM

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“…It has wide-ranging pharmacological actions, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects [18–20]. Although some studies on the antioxidant effects of thymol have been reported [21, 22], no research has shown the effect of thymol on LPS-induced endometritis in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by regulating the TLR4- and ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways

Jiang

Yin

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thymol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and to clarify the potential mechanism of these effects. LPS-induced mouse endometritis was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory action of thymol in vivo. RAW264.7 cells were used to examine the molecular mechanism and targets of thymol in vitro. In vivo, thymol markedly alleviated LPS-induced pathological injury, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mice. Further studies were performed to examine the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) -mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. These results showed that the expression of the TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway was inhibited by thymol treatment. In vitro, we observed that thymol dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the results obtained from immunofluorescence assays also indicated that thymol dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Silencing of TLR4 inhibited NF-κB pathway activation. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment increased the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, which were decreased when treated with N-acetyl cysteine or thymol. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effects of thymol are associated with activation of the TLR4 or ROS signaling pathways, contributing to NF-κB activation, thereby alleviating LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses.

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“…The newly prepared compounds 3a-g, 5a-d as well as previously synthesized compounds 3h-l [7] were evaluated for their antioxidant activities. Nowadays a lot of attention is devoted to the study of antiradical activity of various Schiff bases, e.g., thymol and carvacrol based imines [8] and 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives [9]. We were interested in finding out the possible antiradical activity of imines containing quinozolinone moiety.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives

Tetere

Zicāne

Ravina

et al. 2014

Material Science and Applied Chemistry

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-Quinazoline derivatives have expressed a broad spectrum of biological activities, but there are few examples in literature on an antioxidant activity of different quinazolines. On the basis of literature by Chinese scientists on the effective antioxidant activity of Schiff bases containing 2-oxoquinoline and due to structural similarity of quinoline and quinazoline ring systems, the reactions of 3-aminoquinazolinone with a range of aromatic aldehydes and ethoxymethylene derivatives have been carried out and their radical scavenging activities have been studied.

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Synthesis and antioxidant activity of thymol and carvacrol based Schiff bases

Cited by 127 publications

References 39 publications

Carvacrol prevents methotrexate-induced renal oxidative injury and renal damage in rats

Carvacrol prevents methotrexate-induced renal oxidative injury and renal damage in rats

Thymol mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by regulating the TLR4- and ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways

Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives

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