Synthesis and applicability of reduced graphene oxide/porphyrin nanocomposite as photocatalyst for waste water treatment and medical applications

Abstract

This study presents the synthesis and doping of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with synthesized porphyrin (5,15-bisdodecyl porphyrin, C12P) nanoparticles to fabricate reduced graphene oxide-porphyrin (rGO-P) nanocomposite as well as demonstrates their outstanding removal activity of azo dye and antimicrobial potential. The synthesized porphyrin, rGO, and rGO-P nanocomposites were characterised using SEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The ability of the synthesized rGO-P nanocomposite was then investigated (as catalyst and/or adsorbent) to impact its removal efficacy against Congo red (CR) as a well-known toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic synthetic dye. The findings indicated that 0.01 g of rGO-P nanocomposite achieved 78.0% removal of CR at pH 3.0. Besides, the removal efficacy was evaluated while studying many aspects i.e. pH, CR initial concentration, and rGO-P nanocomposite amount. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and yeast were evaluated. The antimicrobial results showed that rGO-P nanocomposite revealed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus with ZOI values of 24.3, 21.8, and 22.1 mm, respectively. Consequently, it demonstrates the substantial potential of rGO-P nanocomposite in the effective removal of pollutant dyes as well as significant antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Promising photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity of novel capsaicin coated cobalt ferrite nanocatalyst

“…Ultimately, Cellular toxicity ultimately results from the oxidative stress brought on by the production of ROS. Finally, nano-composite prevent the transfer of ions to and from microbial cells 56 .

Figure 9 Schematic representation of the four main pathways underlying the antibacterial potential of CPCF nanocomposites: (I) the CPCF nanocomposite adhere to and wrap the microbial cell surface, resulting in the release of capsaisin, causing membrane damage and altered transport activity.

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Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of novel Ag-HA bioceramic nanocatalyst for waste-water treatment

“…It is important to assume that; the incorporated (Ag-HA) nanocomposite was active against Gram-positive bacteria more than Gram-negative, this is maybe due to that the cell walls constituents in Gram-negative bacteria contain principally little layers of lipopolysaccharide, lipid, and peptidoglycan. On the other hand, the cell walls of Gram-positive incorporate very solid peptidoglycan forms 50 , 72 .

Figure 13 Antibacterial activity of prepared sample against ( a ) gram positive ( S.aureus ) bacteria, and ( b ) gram negative ( E. coli ) bacteria.

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Silver doped anatase nanocomposite: a novel photocatalyst with advanced activity under visible light for waste-water treatment

“…The degradation rate of BF can be calculated using the following equation: where C t and C 0 are the remaining and the initial concentrations (ppm) of BF respectively, while t is the removal time (min) and k represents the removal rate constant (min −1 ) [33,[71][72][73]. Figure 16a.…”