Synthesis and Application of a Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst for a Hydrolisis Reaction

Abstract

Biomass, such as wood waste, is one of the resources that can be potentially converted into a carbon product for catalyst applications. In this study, the sulfonated carbon was obtained through the pyrolysis method for wood waste at the temperature of 350°C, which was later sulfonated through the use of H2SO4 (8N) on the reflux for 4 h. The sulfonated carbon was then analyzed and characterized including its water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, iodine adsorption as well as the H+ (acidity) capacity using ammonia adsorptions and functional groups and the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) instrument. The catalyst application was carried out during the kempili pulp hydrolysis process using a microwave with the ratio of catalyst to a pulp of 1:1 (5g:5g), with the power conditions of 300, 400, and 600 watt for 3, 5, and 7 min. The results showed that the sulfonated carbon catalyst had water content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, iodine adsorption as well as the catalyst acidity as much as 3.48%; 11.70%; 4.21%; 84.62%; 690.88 mg/g; and 6.45 mmol/g, respectively with the highest glucose content of 160.83 ppm. The carbon-based catalyst is expected as an alternative catalyst, can be further developed for hydrolysis reactions, and can serve as a green technology product in the future.

Sustainable Biochar Carbon Biosorbent Based on Tamarind (Tamarindusindica L) Seed: Literature Review, Preparation, and Adsorption Isotherm

“…Carbon microparticles were prepared by carbonizing 250 g of tamarind seed waste using an electric furnace at 250°C for 5 hours. Before the carbonization, the seed was washed (using ultrapure water to remove dust and impurities), dried naturally using sunlight for 2 days, saw milled using the apparatus used in our previous study [20], and sieving test (Yayasan Bumi Publikasi Nusantara, Indonesia, hole variations of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, 99, 74 μm; to classify and determine the size of particles).…”

“…To support the SDGs, the quest for the use of cheap, readily available, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbents is crucial. Biochar or carbon materials are one of the effective materials, making them to be well-research [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Several adsorbents have been proposed using agricultural waste, from leaves, seeds, roots, and bark [30].…”

Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar as a Solid Catalyst: From Literature Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Esterifications to the Experiments for Biodiesel Synthesis from Palm Oil Industry Waste Residue

“…Based on reported studies, the preparation of carbon as heterogeneous solid catalysts is categorized becomes two types: functionalized and supported catalysts (Konwar et al, 2014 active part in the surface of carbon materials. The SO3H functional group can be anchored on the surface of carbon material as active site by sulfonation using sulfuric acid (Efiyanti et al, 2020). Meanwhile, the supported catalysts are the types of carbon catalyst where porous carbon material as a support for active sites.…”

Corncob-Derived Sulfonated Magnetic Solid Catalyst Synthesis as Heterogeneous Catalyst in The Esterification of Waste Cooking Oil and Bibliometric Analysis

“…For this reason, it is suitable to use as a support in the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts (Deng et al, 2016). Several studies concerned with the development of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst since it offers many advantages in the scope of chemical reactions (Chen et al, 2018;Dechakhumwat et al, 2019;Efiyanti et al, 2020). Akinfalabi et al (2017) demonstrated a synthesis of a solid acid catalyst from soaked palm seed cake employed in the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate to produce biodiesel.…”