Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Graphene Oxide Modified with 8‐Hydroxyquinoline for Extraction and Preconcentration of Trace Heavy Metal Ions

Abstract

In the present paper for the first time, magnetic graphene oxide (GO‐Fe3O4) was modified with well‐known ligand 8‐hydroxyquinoline, as a new functional group, for simultaneous separation/pre‐concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions. The experiments and the optimization of variables affecting separation/preconcentration were designed, using the response surface methodology (BBD). In the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.09 ng mL–1 and 0.27 ng mL−1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively; furthermore, the pre‐concentration factor was obtained 130.43. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.6 % and 3.9 % for Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the selected conditions, respectively. The procedure recommended was applied in order to determine Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions at trace levels in tomato, mushroom, lettuce, lipstick, and fish samples with satisfactory results.

Sample Preparation Using Graphene-Oxide-Derived Nanomaterials for the Extraction of Metals

“…It was concluded that after functionalization with 8-HQ, the GO/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles could be used for the extraction of cadmium and lead ions from complex matrices with high selectivity. Compared with the non-functionalized GO/Fe 3 O 4 sorbent, the magnetic 8-HQ modified GO nanocomposite exhibited higher adsorption capacities towards the target analytes [98].…”

“…Other compounds that have been used for the functionalization of graphene oxide for the extraction of metal ions are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) [97], 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) [98], glycine [99], and 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridil)methylene thiocarbonhydrazide (DPTH) [100].…”

Applications of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Environmental Analysis

“…Dahaghin et al [90,91] proposed two different methods regarding the usage of mGO in MSPE. The first one dealt with the determination of trace amounts of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions by FAAS by utilizing a modified mGO with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.…”

Determination and preconcentration of trace amounts of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions by functionalized magnetic nanosorbent and optimization using a Box–Behnken design and detection of them by flame atomic absorption spectrometer

“…A number of separation methods for determining trace metal have gained high attention, and these methods include homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction [10,11], liquid-liquid extraction [12], ion exchange [13], and Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) [14]. SPE procedure is superior to other procedures due to its rapidity, simplicity, low cost, exibility, high preconcentration factor, its use in combination with di erent detection techniques in on-or o -line modes, consumption of low organic solvent volume, and short extraction time for sample preparation [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”