Drug delivery systems rely heavily on nanoparticles because they provide a targeted and monitored
release of pharmaceuticals that maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects. To maximize drug internalization,
this review focuses on comprehending the interactions between biological systems and nanoparticles.
The way that nanoparticles behave during cellular uptake, distribution, and retention in the body is determined
by their shape. Different forms, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles, micelles, and nanorods, each
have special properties that influence how well drugs are delivered to cells and internalized. To achieve the desired
particle morphology, shape-controlled nanoparticle synthesis strategies take into account variables like
pH, temperatures, and reaction time. Top-down techniques entail dissolving bulk materials to produce nanoparticles,
whereas bottom-up techniques enable nanostructures to self-assemble. Comprehending the interactions
at the bio-nano interface is essential to surmounting biological barriers and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy
of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems. In general, drug internalization and distribution are greatly influenced
by the shape of nanoparticles, which presents an opportunity for tailored and efficient treatment plans in
a range of medical applications.