Synthesis and applications of biscyclic phosphorus flame retardants

Hoang, DongQuy; Kim, Jinhwan

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.10.020

Cited by 71 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Because of its relatively high tendency to charring, PC by itself shows a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of approximate 28% and a V‐2 rating in the vertical burning test (UL‐94). However, more stringent flame retardancy is often required in certain applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…limiting oxygen index (LOI) of approximate 28% and a V-2 rating in the vertical burning test (UL-94). However, more stringent flame retardancy is often required in certain applications [13,14].In order to improve the flame retardancy of PC, various phosphorus compounds, such as triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), are widely used [13,15,16]. However, these phosphates have disadvantages [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Novel intumescent flame retardants: synthesis and application in polycarbonate

Zhao

et al. 2012

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARY Novel phosphorus‐containing and nitrogen‐containing intumescent flame retardants, bis‐aminobenzyl spirocylic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate (BASPB) and arylene‐N,N′‐bis(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol phosphoramidate) (ABDPP), were synthesized, and their structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The phosphorus compounds were used to impart flame retardancy to polycarbonate (PC). Combustion behaviors and thermal degradation properties of the flame‐retarded‐PC composites were assayed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), cone calorimeter test, and thermogravimetric analysis. PC/5 wt.% BASPB and PC/5 wt.% ABDPP composites passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating; their LOI values were 35.5% and 34.7%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the char properties had crucial effects on the flame retardancy. The mechanical properties and water resistance of the PC/BASPB and PC/ABDPP composites were also measured. After water resistance test, PC/5 wt.% BASPB and PC/5 wt.% ABDPP composites kept V‐0 rating, and the mass loss was only 1.0%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Novel intumescent flame retardants: synthesis and application in polycarbonate

Zhao

et al. 2012

Fire and Materials

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“…It has been reported that although a condensed phase mechanism may operate for RDP [24], which has the lowest char yield among bisphosphates investigated in this study, it mainly works in the vapor phase in PC [25]. Thus the sizable difference in char yields of spiro-bisphosphates implies that the presence of steric hindering group may alter the flame retardants' mechanism with the two steric hindering bisphosphates exerting more vapor phase action than the known PDPDP which has been suggested to work mainly in the condensed phase when used in PC/ABS [26].…”

Section: Thermal Analysis Of Bisphosphatesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Rigid and steric hindering bisphosphate flame retardants for polycarbonate

Huang

Yao

2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…The gas must be released during the thermal decomposition of the carbonizing agent to trigger the expansion of the carbonized layer . Beside effective IFR, one of the most important factors for controlling the flame retardancy is phosphorus content in the structure . The efficiency of phosphorus‐based flame retardant (FR) depends upon not only the amount of the phosphorus element existing in the compound but also the ability to form the charred residue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intumescent compositions on flammable properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and polypropylene

2017

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Summary An intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was prepared by 2 ways. Firstly, bis(2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2,2,2]octane‐1‐oxa‐4‐hydroxymethyl) phosphonate methyl (bis‐PM) was synthesized and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 31P NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. This carbonization agent was mixed with melamine (ME), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and pentaerythritol (PER) to constitute an IFR system. Secondly, an IFR system by reaction was prepared by reaction, and the presence of compositions in product was confirmed by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared. Both of systems enhanced the flammable retardation of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene (PP). Flammability and thermal behaviors of IFR‐EVA and IFR‐PP were investigated by vertical burning test (UL‐94 V) and thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicated that the IFR systems performed excellent flame retardancy and antidripping ability for PP. At 30 wt% loading, the optimum flame retardant formulations that are bis‐PM/ME: 4/1, bis‐PM/ME/PER: 3/1/1, APP/ME/PER: 3/1/1, and bis‐PM/ME/PER/APP: 1.5/1.5/1/1 give UL‐94 V‐0 rating. However, V‐0 rating results were only obtained for EVA when systems contain bis‐PM/ME: 4/1 and bis‐PM/ME/PER: 3/1/1. The char yield from decomposition of the IFR‐EVA and IFR‐PP has effects on the flame retardancy and antidripping behaviors of EVA and PP.

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Synthesis and applications of biscyclic phosphorus flame retardants

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Novel intumescent flame retardants: synthesis and application in polycarbonate

Novel intumescent flame retardants: synthesis and application in polycarbonate

Rigid and steric hindering bisphosphate flame retardants for polycarbonate

Effect of intumescent compositions on flammable properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and polypropylene

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