Synthesis and applications of polystyrene-block-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) copolymers

Abstract

SbstractThis work describes the synthesis and applications of amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PS-b-PVP) copolymers as a silver and silica nanoparticle surface modification agent. The synthesis of PS-b-PVP was carried out using controlled/living radical polymerization techniques. The synthesis of the block copolymers was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, presenting a polydispersity index of around 1.4 and number average molecular weight ranging between 10,000-14,000 g mol -1. The PS-b-PVP copolymers were applied as a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) stabilizing agent. These nanoparticles were produced by a single step and presented an 11 ± 1 nm diameter. Furthermore, the PS-b-PVP copolymers were also applied as a silica nanoparticle (SiO 2 NP) surface modification agent. The SiO 2 NP were synthesized by the Stöber method presenting a 72 ± 9 nm diameter. The SiO 2 NP surface modification by adsorption of PS-b-PVP caused the formation of a 5 ± 1 nm thick polymeric layer, providing the SiO 2 NP with a hydrophobic surface character. The structural and chemical characteristics shown by PS-b-PVP copolymers highlights their versatility for several applications, such as: water-in-oil emulsifier, stabilizing or coupling agents between inorganic particles and polymeric matrices.

Pharmaceutical assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): As excipient from conventional to controlled delivery systems with a spotlight on COVID-19 inhibition

“…In 2007, Lu et al reported the application of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in producing PVP of molecular weight around 8900 with PDI of 1.2–1.38 [ 32 , 33 ]. Advances in the procedures of controlled radical polymerization (CRP)/LRP [ [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ], ATRPf [ 43 ], and reversible addition-fragmentation transfer radical polymerization (RAFT) [ 44 , 45 ] have created new avenues for better control on the synthesis of PVP and its derivatives.…”

Functional nanoparticle-driven self-assembled diblock copolymer hybrid nano-patterns

“…All polymers showed narrow dispersity, below 1.2 (see Table 1) as reported in literature for PS and derivatives synthesized by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization. 41–43 This showed that the initiation of vinyl benzyl chloride by PS-SG1 was controlled and the narrow dispersity was kept even after the click reaction. The molar mass of PS macro-initiator calculated from SEC analysis using PS calibration was equal to 32 000 g mol −1 .…”

Electrospun Porous Nanofibers with Imprinted Patterns Induced by Phase Separation of Immiscible Polymer Blends

“…Therefore, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy analyses of the re-solubilized washed fibers were performed. The NMR spectra and peak attributions 35 are shown in Figure 7 . The ratio of PS to PVP after washing was calculated from the proton intensities of PS and PVP and used to determine the percent of PVP removed ( Table 1 ).…”