Synthesis and Applications of Porous Organic Cages

Abstract

Solids composed of shape-persistent organic cage molecules are an emerging class of porous materials. Research in this area has recently progressed from understanding the nature of porosity in these materials to finding applications suited to their unique properties. For example, given that the cages are held together in the solid state by relatively weak (compared to covalent interactions) dispersion forces, the resultant materials are structurally flexible and thus physical properties, such as porosity, that can be modulated according to the adsorbate to which it is exposed. Moreover, discrete cages are soluble and can thus be reprecipitated as structural polymorphs that possess different properties, or processed into thin layers or composite materials such as mixed matrix membranes. In this review, we highlight the synthetic strategies that have been employed to produce porous organic cages and discuss recent advances in design concepts that have led to ultraporous solids. We will also canvass recent applications of these materials and posit potential areas of development.

Singlet and triplet excitons and charge polarons in cycloparaphenylenes: a density functional theory study

“…1 However, the efficient high-yield synthesis of these molecules was pioneered by Jasti and co-workers in 2008. 9,[15][16][17][18][19] Owing to the potential application as seeds for growing the single chirality metallic carbon nanotubes, 20 being efficient emitters with tunable wavelength, 13,21 and having a unique structure that inspired the synthesis of hoops with alternative building blocks 22 and cage-like structures, 23,24 CPPs very quickly acquired world-wide attention. 9,[15][16][17][18][19] Owing to the potential application as seeds for growing the single chirality metallic carbon nanotubes, 20 being efficient emitters with tunable wavelength, 13,21 and having a unique structure that inspired the synthesis of hoops with alternative building blocks 22 and cage-like structures, 23,24 CPPs very quickly acquired world-wide attention.…”

From Concept to Crystals via Prediction: Multi-Component Organic Cage Pots by Social Self-Sorting

“…Porous organic cages (POCs) are discrete self-assembled molecules that contain apermanent intrinsic cavity.T hey are typically formed from ab inary mixture of precursors using dynamic covalent chemistries. [1][2][3][4] POCs lend themselves to crystal engineering approaches, [5,6] and their crystal packing can be directed to form porous solids. [7] Porous cages have been used in arange of applications including gas adsorption and molecular separations.…”

Organic Cage Dumbbells

“…Organicc ages are self-assembled molecules that are typically formed from two distinct multi-functionalised components using reversible dynamic covalent chemistry. [1][2][3][4] Increasing the number of building blocks can lead to av arietyo fm ore complex outcomes, including social-sorting into as ingle mixed assembly,s elf-sorting into separate discrete species, or the formation of as tatistical distribution of assemblies ( Figure 1). [5] To date, there are just af ew reports of these types of self-sorting that relate to organic cages;f or example, mixtures of three different linkers can lead to self-sorted binary cages, [6][7][8][9][10] ad istribution of cage species, [11][12][13][14] or,l ess commonly,s ocially selfsorted ternary cage assemblies.…”