Synthesis and applications of unsaturated cyclocarbonates

How to explain low molar masses in PolyHydroxyUrethanes (PHUs)

“…Among cyclic carbonates, 5-membered cyclic carbonates (5CC) react with primary amines mainly at high temperature, or they need the use of a catalyst at room temperature. However, the synthesis of 5CC is very easy and inexpensive since the typical process involves the reaction of an epoxide with carbon dioxide (under pressure) in the presence of a catalyst to yield the desired product with almost a quantitative conversion and using very mild conditions [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Therefore these 5-membered derivatives are the most widely studied for the reaction with amines to produce b-hydroxyurethanes.…”

Novel thermoplastic polyhydroxyurethane elastomers as effective damping materials over broad temperature ranges

“…This chemistry relies on the ring opening of five-, six-, seven-, or eight-membered-ring cyclic carbonates by amine moieties to produce polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) that is analogous to PU with the exception of an additional primary or secondary hydroxyl group adjacent to the urethane linkage [2,[8][9][10][11][12]. Five-membered-ring cyclic carbonates can be easily obtained from a carbon dioxide insertion reaction into an epoxy ring enabling the generation of carbonate monomers from various epoxy precursors [13]. In recent years, numerous studies have investigated PHU synthesis with strong emphasis on the production of single-phase PHUs, crosslinked PHU networks, reaction catalysis and the synthesis of carbonate monomers .…”

Ionic‐Liquid‐Functionalized UiO‐66 Framework: An Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Ap rominent CO 2 fixation method is the atom-efficient cycloadditiono fe poxides to CO 2 to produce industrially and economically importantf ive-membered cyclic carbonates. [21][22][23][24] Ionic liquids( ILs), [25] that is, salts comprising an organic cation and inorganic anion, have gained prominence in the field of catalysis due to their elite physicochemical properties such as meltingp oint, immiscibility with organic solvents, liquid state at room temperature,n onvolatility even at high temperature, viscosity,a nd structural versatility with various functional groups. Moreover, cyclic carbonates have received extensive attention as solvents in Li-ion batteries, as monomers forp olymer synthesis, and their utility in the productiono fp olyurethanes, chemical products, and fuel additives.…”