Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Immunomodulatory Site of Interleukin 1

Antoni, G.; Presentini, R; Perin, F; Tagliabue, Aldo; Ghiara, P; Censini, Stefano; Volpini, Gianfranco; Villa, Luigi; Nencioni, L; Boraschi, Diana

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4600-8_21

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, IL-1p stimulates lymphocytes to release other cytokines (Lowenthal et al, 1986) and causes fibroblasts and synovial cells to produce prostaglandin E2 (Antoni et al, 1986;Mochan et al, 1986;O'Byrne et al, 1990b). In the present study twofold evidence was obtained that IL-1P enhanced capsaicin-induced hyperaemia in the rat hindpaw via secondary mediators released from immunocompetent or other cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A first hint of such a mechanism of action came from the use of IL-1p-(163-171), a fragment of human IL-1P that is devoid of inflammatory activity, such as the induction of prostaglandin formation, but which retains the immunological activity of the parent molecule in activating T-lymphocytes (Antoni et al, 1986). The finding that IL-IP-(1631.71) failed to enhance the capsaicin-evoked hyperaemia in the rat paw skin indicated, therefore, that immunological processes such as activation of, and-cytokine release from, lymphocytes did not play a role in the sensitizing effect of IL-1p.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group 6 A dose of 50 pg of , a fragment of human IL-1p devoid of inflammatory activity (Antoni et al, 1986), was injected into the left hindpaw, the contralateral paw receiving saline alone. Forty min later 0.3 pg/l0 IO capsaicin was injected into both hindpaws (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin‐1β enhances capsaicin‐induced neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin

Herbert

Holzer

1994

British J Pharmacology

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This study examined the effect of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) on the capsaicin‐induced increase in cutaneous blood flow of anaesthetized rats as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. The substances were administered by intraplantar subcutaneous injection of 10 μl‐volumes, saline being injected into one hindpaw and IL‐1β into the other. IL‐1β (0.5–500 pg) was without effect on blood flow on its own but dose‐dependently enhanced the hyperaemic response to intraplantar capsaicin (0.3 μg) up to 180% (P < 0.05) of the response seen in saline‐treated paws. Il‐1β‐(163–171), a fragment devoid of proinflammatory activity, failed to enhance capsaicin‐induced hyperaemia when given at a dose of 50 pg. Indomethacin (10 mg kg−1, i.p.) did not alter the capsaicin‐induced vasodilatation but prevented IL‐1β (50 pg) from augmenting the hyperaemic response to capsaicin. The hyperaemia evoked by intraplantar calcitonin gene‐related peptide (0.038–3.8 ng) was not altered by IL‐1β (50 pg). These data indicate that IL‐1β enhances the cutaneous hyperaemic response to afferent nerve stimulation with capsaicin in a prostaglandin‐dependent manner. This proinflammatory action of the cytokine appears to arise from sensitization of afferent nerve endings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin‐1β enhances capsaicin‐induced neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin

Herbert

Holzer

1994

British J Pharmacology

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“…Antoni et al (15) have synthesized several short peptide fragments from hydrophilic sequences on human and murine IL-1 to determine the minimal structure responsible for immunostimulatory activity. Of these, a fragment of nine amino acid residues corresponding to the sequence spanning positions 163-171 of human IL-1f3 was found to have high in vitro T-cell activation capacity but was devoid of any IL-1-associated inflammatory activity at the concentrations tested (15). Subsequently (16), it was shown that this nonapeptide could also potentiate in vivo antibody responses to both T-helper-dependent and T-helper-independent antigens, albeit at very high doses of the peptide (100 mg of peptide per kg of body weight).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these were synthesized as the carboxyl-terminal amides. Peptide S1-(12-32) corresponds to the HBsAg-derived sequence of subtype adw (17), whereas peptide IL-(163-171) is the immunostimulatory sequence derived from human IL-1,i (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced immunogenicity of a sequence derived from hepatitis B virus surface antigen in a composite peptide that includes the immunostimulatory region from human interleukin 1.

Rao

Nayak

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The effect on immunogenicity of coupling the immunostimulatory nonapeptide sequence (residues 163-171) from human interleukin 1f3 (IL-1if) to a small immunogen was examined. A 21-amino acid sequence spanning positions 12-32 on the large protein of hepatitis B surface antigen was chosen as a model. Three peptides were synthesized corresponding to the IL-13-derived sequence ], the hepatitis B surface antigen-derived sequence [peptide S1-(12-32)] and a composite peptide that included both these sequences separated by a spacer of two glycine residues [peptide S1-(12-32)-IL-(163-171)]. In an in vitro thymocyte proliferation assay, both peptides S1-(12-32)-IL-(163-171) and showed comparable activity, whereas peptide S1-(12-32) was inactive. Groups of five to seven mice each from C3H/CH, BALB/c, SJL/J, and C57BL/6 strains were immunized with equimolar amounts of either peptide S1-(12-32), peptide S1-(12-32)-IL-(163-171), or a mixture of peptides S1-(12-32) and IL-(163-171), and sera were screened for anti-S1-(12-32) antibodies. In all strains, peptide S1-(12-32)-IL-(163-171) elicited an increased primary and secondary anti-S1-(12-32) antibody response compared to the other two groups. Further, peptide S1-(12-32)- also induced an increased number of responders to primary immunization, though the number of responders was quantitative in all groups following secondary immunization. At least part of the enhanced immunogenicity of the S1-(12-32) sequence in peptide S1-(12-32)-IL-(163-171) appears to be due to augmented T-helper cell activity. These results suggest that coupling of the immunostimulatory IL-113derived sequence in tandem with an immunogen may confer inbuilt adjuvanticity.The cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) has been credited with a wide array of biological properties, which include amplification of both cellular and humoral immune responses to infectious or foreign agents (reviewed in refs. 1 and 2). Although precise details at the molecular level remain obscure, it is now widely believed that IL-1 plays an important role in T-and B-cell activation (1, 2). The immunoregulatory effects of IL-1 on T cells include enhanced proliferation in response to mitogen or antigen (3)(4)(5) and enhanced production of autocrine growth factors (3, 6). IL-1 has also been shown to act directly on B cells. It augments primary antibody responses both in vivo and in vitro (7-10) and can prime human B cells for subsequent activation (11). A B-cell growth and differentiation activity for IL-1 has also been described (12). Recently Uhl et al. (13) have identified IL-1 receptors on human monocytes, suggesting that initiation of the immune response by IL-1 can also be at the level of accessory cells.Though it has been suggested that IL-1 could serve as an adjuvant in conjunction with weakly immunogenic vaccines (14), its potent inflammatory activity (1, 2) restricts this application. Antoni et al. (15) have synthesized several short peptide fragments from hydrophilic sequences on human and murine IL-1 to determine the minima...

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Chemical Neuroimmunology: Health in a Nutshell Bidirectional Communication between Immune and Stress (Limbic‐Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal) Systems

Lozovaya

Miller

2003

ChemBioChem

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Stress is a ubiquitous and pervasive part of modern life that is frequently blamed for causing a plethora of diseases and other discomforting medical conditions. All higher organisms, including humans, experience stress in the form of a wide variety of stressors that range from environmental pollutants and drugs to traumatic events or self-induced trauma. Stressors registered by the central nervous system (CNS) generate physiological stress responses in the body (periphery) by means of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis. This LHPA axis operates through the use of chemical messengers such as the stress hormones corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and glucocorticoids (GCs). Under conditions of frequent exposure to acute stress and/or chronic, long-term exposure to stress, the LHPA axis becomes dysfunctional and in the process frequently overproduces both CRH and GCs, which results in many mild to severely toxic side effects. Bidirectional communication between the LHPA axis and immune/inflammatory systems can dramatically potentiate these side effects and create environments in the CNS and periphery ripe for the triggering and/or promotion of tissue degeneration and disease. This review aims to present as far as possible a molecular view of the processes involved so as to provide a bridge from the diffuse range of studies on molecular structure and receptor interactions to the burgeoning biological and medical literature that describes the empirical interplay between stress and disease. We hope that our review of this fast-growing field, which we christen chemical neuroimmunology, will give a clear indication of the striking range and depth of current molecular, cellular and medical evidence linking stress hormones to degeneration and disease. In so doing, we hope to provide encouragement for others to become interested in this critical and far-reaching field of research, which is very much at the heart of many important disease processes and very much a critical part of the crucial interface between chemistry and biology.

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Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Immunomodulatory Site of Interleukin 1

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Interleukin‐1β enhances capsaicin‐induced neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin

Interleukin‐1β enhances capsaicin‐induced neurogenic vasodilatation in the rat skin

Enhanced immunogenicity of a sequence derived from hepatitis B virus surface antigen in a composite peptide that includes the immunostimulatory region from human interleukin 1.

Chemical Neuroimmunology: Health in a Nutshell Bidirectional Communication between Immune and Stress (Limbic‐Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal) Systems

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