“…Whereas β-epoxides and their analogs are entirely inactive, inversion of the configuration only at C12, corresponding to a C12, C13-trans configuration, retains activity. 180 Last but not least, replacement of the lactone group of epothilone B, D, and F by a lactam reduces cytotoxic activity and tubulin binding slightly, while other properties such as the therapeutic window or p.o. 4,108,109 The C12 methyl is extremely important for high activity of the epothilone B series.…”