“…37 We also took cues from recent efforts to develop red-shied luciferins by extending the pi-conjugation [38][39][40] of the scaffold and restricting conformational exibility (e.g., AkaLumine and infraluciferin). [41][42][43] Luciferins produced from these seminal studies emitted far-red light, but many were poor substrates for rey luciferase (Fluc). In some cases, light emission was recouped, although extensive enzyme engineering was required (e.g., generating Akaluc and related mutants).…”
“…37 We also took cues from recent efforts to develop red-shied luciferins by extending the pi-conjugation [38][39][40] of the scaffold and restricting conformational exibility (e.g., AkaLumine and infraluciferin). [41][42][43] Luciferins produced from these seminal studies emitted far-red light, but many were poor substrates for rey luciferase (Fluc). In some cases, light emission was recouped, although extensive enzyme engineering was required (e.g., generating Akaluc and related mutants).…”
“…18 One of the research aims of our groups is to improve the fundamental understanding of bioluminescence for the rational design of new bioluminescence tools. [19][20][21][22] The focus of the work described in this paper is to improve our understanding of the electronic structure of the lightemitting oxyluciferin (OL).…”
Firefly bioluminescence is exploited widely in imaging in the biochemical and biomedical sciences; however, our fundamental understanding of the electronic structure and relaxation processes of the oxyluciferin that emits the...
“…68 The Anderson lab also reported the analogue PBIiLH 2 37 as a racemic compound, which was prepared as a conformationally restrained infra-luciferin analogue. 163 Although PBIiLH 2 37 was only tested in in vitro assays and found to be less bright than racemic iLH 2 38, it did demonstrate an increased bimodal emission with increasing pH. A primary bioluminescence peak at 608 nm was observed with Fluc x11 and a secondary peak at 714 nm of increasing intensity.…”
Section: Novel D-luciferin Analogues and Luciferase Mutantsmentioning
Bioluminescent probes have hugely benefited from the input of synthetic chemistry and protein engineering. Here we review the latest applications of these probes in biotechnology and beyond, with an eye on current limitations and future directions.
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