Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Advanced Sn‐ and Zr‐Zeolites Materials

Abstract

The incorporation of isolated Sn (IV) and Zr (IV) ions into silica frameworks is attracting widespread attention, which exhibits remarkable catalytic performance (conversion, selectivity, and stability) in a broad range of reactions, especially in the field of biomass catalytic conversion. As a representative example, the conversion route of carbohydrates into valuable platform and commodity chemicals such as lactic acid and alkyl lactates, has already been established. The zeotype materials also possess water‐tolerant ability and are capable to be served as promising heterogeneous catalysts for aqueous reactions. Therefore, dozens of Sn‐ and Zr‐containing silica materials with various channel systems have been prepared successfully in the past decades, containing 8 membered rings (MR) small pore CHA zeolite, 10‐MR medium pore zeolites (FER, MCM‐56, MEL, MFI, MWW), 12‐MR large pore zeolites (Beta, BEC, FAU, MOR, MSE, MTW), and 14‐MR extra‐large pore UTL zeolite. This review about Sn‐ and Zr‐containing metallosilicate materials focuses on their synthesis strategy, catalytic applications for diverse reactions, and the effect of zeolite characteristics on their catalytic performances.

Heteroatom Lewis acid zeolites: synthesis, characterization and application in the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenates

“…61 In 2017, Sels and co-workers summarized the synthesis of Sn-containing Lewis acid zeolites, characterization tools to unravel the structure of active sites and the applications in single- and multiple-step reactions. 62 Recently, the synthesis and applications of Sn- and Zr-zeolites were reviewed by Zhu and co-workers, 63 and the synthesis of Ti-containing zeolites was reviewed by Millini et al 64 In addition to Lewis acid zeolites, zeolites with different pore sizes and types of active sites (BASs, LASs, basic sites and metal sites) were reviewed by Serrano et al 65 In 2022, Yu and co-workers reviewed the synthesis, characterization and catalysis of metal sites in zeolites, which also contain heteroatom Lewis acid zeolites. 66 Note that these previous reviews typically focused on a certain heteroatom zeolite, and the applications of heteroatom zeolites are organized by different types of reactions.…”